بَابُ مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةً مَرَّتَيْنِPraying the Same Prayer Twice
عَنْ سُلَيْمٍ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي سَلِمَةَ: أَنَّهُ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ (رضي الله عنه) يَأْتِيْنَا بَعْدَ مَا نَنَامُ، وَنَكُوْنُ فِي أَعْمَالِنَا بِالنَّهَارِ، فَيُنَادِي بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَنَخْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ، فَيُطَوِّلُ عَلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ : يَا مُعَاذُ ، لَا تَكُنْ فَتَانًا، إِمَّا أَنْ تُصَلِّي مَعِي، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُخَفِّفَ عَلَى قَوْمِكَ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالطَّحَاوِيُّ.
وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ ابْنُ الْهُمَامِ : فَشَرَعَ لَهُ أَحَدَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ: الصَّلَاةَ مَعَهُ وَلَا يُصَلِّي بِقَوْمِهِ، أَوِ الصَّلَاةَ بِقَوْمِهِ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّخْفِيفِ وَلَا يُصَلِّي مَعَهُ. هَذَا حَقِيقَةُ اللَّفْظِ أَفَادَ مَنْعَهُ مِنَ الْإِمَامَةِ إِذَا صَلَّى مَعَهُ ، وَلَا تُمْنَعُ إِمَامَتُهُ بِالاتَّفَاقِ. فَعُلِمَ أَنَّهُ مَنَعَهُ مِنَ الْفَرْضِ انْتَهَى وَقَالَ الْعَلَّامَةُ الْعَيْنِيُّ: وَبِهِ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَالنَّخَعِيُّ وَأَبُو قِلَابَةَ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ وَمُجَاهِدُ وَطَاوُسٌ.
وَأَجَابَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ عَنْ حَدِيْثِ مُعَادٍ الَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ اقْتِدَاءِ الْمُفْتَرِضِ بِالْمُتَنَفِّلِ بِأَنَّهُ مَنْسُوْخُ، وَيَسْتَدِلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِوَجْهِ حَسَنٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ إِسْلَامَ مُعَادٍ مُتَقَدِّمُ، وَقَدْ صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ سِنِينَ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ مِنْ وَجْهِ وَقَعَ فِيْهِ مُخَالَفَةٌ ظَاهِرِةٌ بِالْأَفْعَالِ الْمُنَاقِضَةِ لِلصَّلَاةِ، فَيُقَالُ: لَوْ جَازَتْ صَلَاةُ الْمُفْتَرِضِ خَلْفَ الْمُتَتَّفِلِ لَأَمْكَنَ إِيْقَاعُ الصَّلَاةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ عَلَى وَجْهِ لَا تَقَعُ فِيهَا الْمُنَافَاةُ وَالْمُفْسِدَاتُ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الْحَالَةِ، وَحَيْثُ صُلِّيَتْ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مَعَ إِمْكَانِ دَفْعِ الْمُفْسِدَاتِ عَلَى تَقْدِيرِ جَوَازِ اقْتِدَاءِ الْمُفْتَرِضِ بِالْمُتَنَفِّلِ دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوْزُ ذَلِكَ، كَذَا فِي عُمْدَةِ الْقَارِي».
It is narrated from Sulaym, a man from Banu Salimah, that he came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, Muadh ibn Jabal comes to us after we have slept and are engaged in our daytime work. He calls for prayer, so we come out to him, but he prolongs the prayer for us." The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to Muadh: "O Muadh, do not be a cause of Fitnah (trial). Either pray with me or lighten the prayer for your people." [Narrated by Ahmad and At-Tahawi]
Imam Ibn al-Humam said: "The Prophet (peace be upon him) gave him two options: either pray with him and not lead his people, or lead his people with a shortened prayer and not pray with him. This is the literal meaning of the text, indicating that he was prohibited from leading the prayer if he prayed with the Prophet (peace be upon him). However, his leading the prayer is not prohibited by consensus. Thus, it is understood that he was prohibited from performing the obligatory prayer (with the Prophet) and then leading his people in the same prayer."
Al-Allamah Al-Ayni said: "This is the opinion of Az-Zuhri, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyib, An-Nakhai, Abu Qilabah, Yahya ibn Sa'id Al-Ansari, Mujahid, and Tawus."
At-Tahawi responded to the hadith of Muadh, which indicates the permissibility of an obligated person following someone performing a voluntary prayer, by saying that it is abrogated. He argued that Muadh's Islam was earlier, and after years of Hijrah, the Prophet (peace be upon him) performed the prayer of fear multiple times, which involved actions contrary to the usual prayer. If it were permissible for an obligated person to follow someone performing a voluntary prayer, it would have been possible to perform the prayer twice without contradiction or corruption, but since this was not done, it indicates that it is not permissible.
وَعَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ : أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ صَلَّيَا الظُّهْرَ فِي بُيُؤْتِهِمَا عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُمَا يَرَيَانِ أَنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ صَلَّوْا، ثُمَّ أَتَيَا الْمَسْجِدَ، فَإِذَا رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَعَدَا فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَهُمَا يَرَيَانِ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُمَا، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَآهُمَا، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا، فَجِيْءَ بِهِمَا وَفَرَائِصُهُمَا تُرْعَدُ؛ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَكُوْنَ قَدْ حَدَثَ فِي أَمْرِهِمَا شَيْءٌ، فَسَأَلَهُمَا، فَأَخْبَرَاهُ الخَبَرَ ، فَقَالَ: إِذَا فَعَلْتُمَا ذَلِكَ فَصَلِّيَا مَعَ النَّاسِ، وَاجْعَلَا الْأَوْلَى هِيَ الْفَرِيضَةَ. رَوَاهُ إِمَامُنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ: وَاجْعَلُوا الْأَوْلَى فَرِيضَةً، وَهَذِهِ نَافِلَةً».
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِلْبَيْهَقِي: «إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمَا فِي رِجَالِكُمَا ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُمَا الْإِمَامَ فَصَلِّيَا مَعَهُ، فَتَكُوْنَ لَكُمَا نَافِلَةً، وَالَّتِي فِي رِحَالِكُمَا فَرِيضَةً».
وَفِي رِوَايَةِ التَّرْمِذِي وَأَبِي دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِي: فَقَالَ: «مَا مَنَعَكُمَا أَنْ تُصَلَّيَا مَعَنَا؟» فَقَالَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّا كُنَّا قَدْ صَلَّيْنَا فِي رِحَالِنَا، قَالَ: «فَلَا تَفْعَلَا، إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمَا فِي رِحَالِكُمَا ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُمَا مَسْجِدَ جَمَاعَةٍ، فَصَلَّيَا مَعَهُمْ؛ فَإِنَّهَا لَكُمَا نَافِلَةٌ».
It is narrated from Al-Aswad ibn Jabir, from his father, that two men prayed Dhuhr in their homes during the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him), thinking that the people had already prayed. Then they came to the mosque and found the Prophet (peace be upon him) leading the prayer. They sat in a corner of the mosque, thinking that the prayer was not valid for them. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) finished, he saw them and sent for them. They were brought to him, trembling with fear that something had gone wrong. He asked them, and they informed him of what had happened. He said: "If you do that, pray with the people, and consider the first prayer as the obligatory one." [Narrated by our Imam Abu Hanifah]
In a narration by Muhammad: "Consider the first prayer as the obligatory one and the second as voluntary."
In a narration by Al-Bayhaqi: "If you pray in your homes and then come to the imam, pray with him, and let that be voluntary, while the one in your homes is the obligatory prayer."
In a narration by Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, and Al-Nasa’i: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "What prevented you from praying with us?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah, we had already prayed in our homes." He said: "Do not do that. If you pray in your homes and then come to a mosque with a congregation, pray with them, for it will be voluntary for you."
وَعَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ مِحْجَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي مَجْلِسٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأُذْنَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى وَرَجَعَ، وَمِحْجَنُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ : «مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّاسِ ؟ أَلَسْتَ بِرَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ؟» فَقَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ، وَلَكِنِّي كُنْتُ قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ فِي أَهْلِي. فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا جِئْتَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَكُنْتَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ، فَأُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَصَلَّ مَعَ النَّاسِ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ». رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
It is narrated from Busr ibn Mihjan, from his father, that he was in a gathering with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) when the call to prayer was made. The Prophet (peace be upon him) stood, prayed, and returned, while Mihjan remained in his place. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to him: "What prevented you from praying with the people? Are you not a Muslim?" He said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah, but I had already prayed with my family." The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "When you come to the mosque and have already prayed, and the prayer is established, pray with the people even if you have already prayed." [Narrated by Malik and Al-Nasa’i]
وَعَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَسَدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَا أَيُّوْبَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: يُصَلِّي أَحَدُنَا فِي مَنْزِلِهِ الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ يَأْتِي الْمَسْجِدَ وَتُقَامُ الصَّلَاةُ، فَأُصَلِّي مَعَهُمْ، فَأَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ: سَأَلْنَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «فَذَلِكَ لَهُ سَهْمُ جَمْعٍ». رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ.
It is narrated from a man from Asad ibn Khuzaymah that he asked Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him): "If one of us prays at home and then comes to the mosque and the prayer is established, should he pray with them? I feel uneasy about that." Abu Ayyub said: "We asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) about that, and he said: 'That will be a share of the congregation for him.'" [Narrated by Malik and Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ مَوْلَى مَيْمُوْنَةَ قَالَ: أَتَيْنَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَلَى الْبَلَاطِ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّوْنَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَلَا تُصَلِّي مَعَهُمْ؟ قَالَ: قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ. وَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا تُصَلُّوْا صَلَاةً فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
وَفِي التَّعْلِيقِ الْمُمَجَّدِ»: مَعْنَاهُ: لَا تُصَلُّوا عَلَى وَجْهِ الافْتِرَاضِ بِأَنْ تَجْعَلُوْا كِلْتَيْهِمَا فَرِيضَةً، بَلِ الْأَوْلَى فَرِيضَةً وَالثَّانِيَةَ نَافِلَةً. انْتَهَى
It is narrated from Sulayman, the freed slave of Maymunah, that he said: "We came to Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) while he was on the pavement, and the people were praying. I said: 'Will you not pray with them?' He said: 'I have already prayed, and I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: "Do not pray the same prayer twice in one day."'" [Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and Al-Nasa’i]
In "At-Ta'liq al-Mumajjad," it is explained: "This means: Do not pray the same prayer twice with the intention of obligation, making both obligatory. Rather, the first is obligatory, and the second is voluntary."
وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنهما) كَانَ يَقُوْلُ: مَنْ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ أَوِ الصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُمَا مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَلَا يُعِدْ لَهُمَا. رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ.
It is narrated from Nafi' that Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say: "Whoever prays Maghrib or Fajr and then catches them again with the imam should not repeat them." [Narrated by Malik]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنهما): أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ فِي أَهْلِكَ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكْتَ الصَّلَاةَ فَصَلَّهَا إِلَّا الْفَجْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبَ. رَوَاهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ.
وَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ ابْنُ الْهُمَامِ: قَالَ عَبْدُ الْحَقِّ: تَفَرَّدَ بِرَفْعِهِ سَهْلُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْأَنْطَاكِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةٌ. وَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ فَلَا يَضُرُّ وَقْفُ مَنْ وَقفَهُ ؛ لِأَنَّ زِيَادَةَ الثَّقَةِ مَقْبُوْلَةٌ. انْتَهَى
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "If you pray at home and then catch the prayer (in congregation), pray it except for Fajr and Maghrib." [Narrated by Al-Daraqutni]
Sheikh Ibn al-Humam said: "Abdul Haq said: Sahl ibn Salih Al-Antaki alone narrated it as a marfu' hadith, and he was trustworthy. If that is the case, then the fact that others narrated it as a mawquf (stopped at a companion) narration does not harm it, because the addition of a trustworthy narrator is acceptable."
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: إِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ فِي أَهْلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكْتَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، فَصَلِّ مَعَهُ غَيْرَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ؛ فَإِنَّهُمَا لَا يُصَلِّيَانِ مَرَّتَيْنِ. رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ.
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "If you have prayed at home and then catch the prayer in the mosque with the imam, pray with him except for Fajr and Maghrib, for they are not prayed twice." [Narrated by Abdur-Razzaq]
وَعَنْ نَاعِمِ بْنِ أَجِيْلٍ مَوْلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَدْخُلُ الْمَسْجِدَ لِصَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ فَأَرَى رِجَالًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ جُلُوسًا فِي آخِرِ الْمَسْجِدِ - وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّوْنَ فِيْهِ - قَدْ صَلَّوْا فِي بُيُؤْتِهِمْ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
وَقَالَ: فَهَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ كَانُوا لَا يُصَلُّوْنَ الْمَغْرِبَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ؛ لِمَا كَانُوا قَدْ صَلَّوْهَا فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ، وَلَا يُنْكِرُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ أَيْضًا، فَذَلِكَ دَلِيلٌ - عِنْدَنَا - عَلَى نَسْخِ مَا قَدْ كَانَ تَقَدَّمَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ ذَهَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعًا حَتَّى يَكُونُوا عَلَى خِلَافِهِ، وَلَكِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ؛ لِمَا قَدْ ثَبَتَ عِنْدَهُمْ فِيْهِ مِنْ نَسْخِ ذَلِكَ الْقَوْلِ. انْتَهَى .
It is narrated from Na'im ibn Ajil, the freed slave of Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), that he said: "I used to enter the mosque for Maghrib prayer and see some of the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sitting at the back of the mosque while the people were praying inside. They had already prayed in their homes." [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
At-Tahawi said: "These companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did not pray Maghrib in the mosque because they had already prayed it in their homes, and none of the other companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) disapproved of this. This, in our view, is evidence that the earlier statement of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had been abrogated. It is not permissible to assume that such a statement of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was unknown to all of them, leading them to act contrary to it. Rather, they acted in this manner because they were certain that the earlier statement had been abrogated."
Chapter on The Sunnahs and Their Virtues
And the saying of Allah, the Almighty: "So exalt Him, and when the stars disappear." (Quran 50:40)
And His saying: "So exalt Him when the stars set." (Quran 52:49)