بَابُ مُخَالَطَةِ الْجُنُبِ وَمَا يُبَاحُ لَهُAssociating with a Person in Major Impurity and What Is Permitted for Him

And Allah's saying: "None touch it except the purified." (Al-Waqi'ah: 79)

Narrated Abu Huraira: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ met me while I was in a state of major impurity (janabah). He took my hand, and I walked with him until we sat down. I slipped away and went to wash myself. Afterward, I came back, and he was still sitting. He asked, "Where were you, O Abu Huraira?" I replied, and he said, "Glory be to Allah, a believer does not become impure." This is the wording of Al-Bukhari, and Muslim reported a similar meaning. Muslim's narration adds after the statement: "I told him, 'You met me while I was in a state of janabah, and I disliked sitting with you until I performed the purification.'" Al-Bukhari also reported this in another narration.

Narrated Aisha: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to perform the ghusl (ritual bath) after janabah, then he would seek warmth by lying with me before I had performed my ghusl. This was [Narrated by Ibn Majah, and a similar narration was [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi. In the explanation of Al-Sunnah, it is stated similarly in the wording of Al-Masabih.

Narrated Ibn Umar: Umar ibn al-Khattab mentioned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he would experience janabah at night. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "Perform wudu (ablution) and wash your private parts, then sleep." This is agreed upon by both Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

Narrated Aisha: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would have relations with his family, then sleep without performing ablution, and if he woke up in the latter part of the night, he would perform ghusl. [Narrated by Muhammad in Al-Muwatta, based on our Imam Abu Hanifa]

Al-Bayhaqi and Al-Nawawi stated that this hadith is authentic. Abu Dawood and Al-Tirmidhi reported a similar narration.

Narrated Aisha: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would return from the mosque, he would pray as much as Allah willed, then he would lean towards his bed and his family. If he had any need, he would fulfill it, then he would sleep in the same position and would not touch water. [Narrated by Al-Tahawi, and a similar narration was [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaiba, Ibn Jarir, Abdul Razzaq, and Sa’id ibn Mansur.

Narrated Umm Salama: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would be in a state of major impurity (janabah), then he would sleep, and after awakening, he would sleep again. [Narrated by Ahmad]

Narrated Aisha: When the Prophet ﷺ was in a state of major impurity and wanted to eat or sleep, he would perform ablution (wudu) for prayer. This is agreed upon by both Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

Narrated Aisha: The Prophet ﷺ would perform ablution for prayer before sleeping if he was in a state of major impurity. When he wanted to eat while in a state of janabah, he would wash his hands and rinse his mouth, then he would eat. [Narrated by Al-Daraqutni, who stated that it is authentic]

Narrated Abu Salama: Aisha said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted to sleep in a state of janabah, he would perform ablution. When he wanted to eat or drink, she said, "He would wash his hands, then eat or drink." [Narrated by Al-Nasa’i, and a similar narration was [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaiba and Sa’id ibn Mansur]

Narrated Aisha: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when he wanted to eat while in a state of janabah, would wash his hands. [Narrated by Al-Tahawi]

Narrated Aisha: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when he wanted to eat or drink while in a state of janabah, would wash his hands and rinse his mouth, then drink or eat. [Narrated by Abdul Razzaq and Sa’id ibn Mansur]

The scholars say: From these hadiths, it is clear that there is no harm in eating, drinking, or sleeping while in a state of janabah without wudu. However, they preferred performing ablution (wudu). Whoever does so has done well, and if not, there is no harm.

Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When any of you comes to his wife, then wants to return, let him perform ablution between them." [Narrated by Muslim]

Narrated Aisha: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would engage with his wife, then return without performing ablution. [Narrated by Al-Tahawi]

Narrated Anas: The Prophet ﷺ would visit all his wives with one bath. [Narrated by Muslim, and a similar narration was [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi, who said: "The hadith of Anas is authentic," and it was the view of many scholars, including Al-Hasan Al-Basri, that there is no harm in returning to a wife before performing ablution.

Narrated Abu Rafi: One day, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ visited his wives, taking a bath with each one of them. I asked, "O Messenger of Allah, why not make it one final bath?" He replied, "This is purer, more pleasant, and more proper." [Narrated by Ahmad and Abu Dawood, and its chain of narration is Hasan]

The scholar Al-Shami said: From these hadiths, it can be understood that having sexual relations without performing ablution or taking a bath between two encounters is permissible, but it is better to perform ablution or take a bath in between.

Narrated Aisha: The Prophet ﷺ would remember Allah, the Mighty and Exalted, in all his conditions. [Narrated by Muslim]

Narrated Ali: The Prophet ﷺ would come out of the restroom and recite the Qur'an to us, and eat meat with us. Nothing would prevent him from reciting the Qur'an except for ritual impurity. [Narrated by Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa'i, and a similar narration was [Narrated by Ibn Majah.

Narrated Ibn Umar: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Neither a menstruating woman nor a junub (one in a state of major impurity) should recite any part of the Qur'an." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi]

Narrated Al-Muhajir ibn Qunfudh: He came to the Prophet ﷺ while he was relieving himself, and he greeted him. The Prophet did not respond until he performed ablution, and then he apologized, saying, "I disliked mentioning Allah except in a state of purity." [Narrated by Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa'i, and the latter included the phrase "until he performed ablution." When he did, the Prophet responded to his greeting.

Our scholars have concluded that ablution for general remembrance of Allah is recommended. Leaving it is contrary to what is preferred, and it is considered disliked (makruh) in terms of detesting the action.

Narrated Nafi': I went with Ibn Umar on an errand, and when Ibn Umar had completed his task, he narrated a story in which a man passed by the Prophet ﷺ who had just come out of relieving himself. The man greeted him, but the Prophet did not reply until he rubbed his hands on a wall and wiped his face and arms with them. Then, he responded to the greeting, saying, "The only reason I did not respond to your greeting was that I was not in a state of purity." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]

Our scholars say that this hadith indicates that tayammum (dry ablution) is allowed for all acts that do not require purification, even if water is available. For actions that do require purification, the absence of water is a condition, such as in the case of reading the Qur'an for an impure person or one who is junub.

Narrated Al-Hakam ibn Amr: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade a man from performing ablution with the leftover water from the woman’s ablution. [Narrated by Abu Dawood, Ibn Majah, and Al-Tirmidhi, who added, "or with her leftover water." He said, "This is a sound and authentic hadith"]

Narrated Humayd al-Himyari: I met a man who had accompanied the Prophet ﷺ for four years, just as Abu Huraira had. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade a woman from performing ghusl (ritual bath) with the leftover water of a man, or a man from performing ghusl with the leftover water of a woman. Musaddad added: "And both should scoop the water together." [Narrated by Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa'i. Ahmad added at the beginning: "He forbade one of us from combing his hair every day or urinating in a bath." [Narrated by Ibn Majah from Abdullah ibn Sargis] Our scholars said: "This prohibition is for discouragement."

Narrated Ibn Abbas: One of the wives of the Prophet ﷺ performed ghusl in a large bowl, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted to perform ablution from it. She said: "O Messenger of Allah, I was in a state of major impurity (janabah)." He said: "Water does not become impure." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawood, and Ibn Majah]

Al-Darimi narrated something similar. In the explanation of Al-Sunan, it was narrated from him through Maymuna.

Narrated Ibn Umar: In the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, men and women would perform ablution together. [Narrated by Muhammad and Al-Nasa'i]

Muhammad said: "There is no harm if a woman performs ablution and takes a bath with a man from the same vessel, whether she starts before him or he starts before her." This is the opinion of Abu Hanifa.

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazm: In the letter that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to Amr ibn Hazm, it was stated that no one should touch the Quran except someone who is pure. [Narrated by Malik and Al-Daraqutni]

Al-Hakim narrated something similar in his "Mustadrak" and said it has a Sahih chain of narration, though they did not include it in their compilation. It was also narrated by Al-Tabarani and Al-Bayhaqi in their collections.

Narrated Aisha: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Turn these houses away from the mosque, for I do not permit the mosque for a menstruating woman or a person in a state of janabah (major impurity)." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]

Narrated Mujahid: A person in a state of janabah or menstruation should not pass through the mosque. The verse "And do not approach prayer while you are in a state of janabah, except those who pass by on the way, and they should make tayammum" (Al-Nisa: 43) was revealed in this context. [Narrated by Abd al-Humayd]

Narrated Ali: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Angels do not enter a house that contains a picture, a dog, or a person in a state of janabah." [Narrated by Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa'i]

Narrated Ammar ibn Yasir: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Three people the angels do not approach: the corpse of a disbeliever, the one smeared with perfume (a type of fragrance called 'khaluq'), and the one in a state of janabah unless they perform ablution." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]