بَابُ الْكَبَائِرِ وَعَلَامَاتِ النِّفَاقِMajor Sins and Signs of Hypocrisy
وَقَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّوَجَلَّ: {الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ وَاسِعُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ}(النجم: ٣٢ ، وَقَوْلِهِ: {فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ 77} (التوبة: ۷۷)
And the words of Allah, the Exalted:
"Those who avoid major sins and immoralities, only (committing) slight ones. Indeed, your Lord is vast in forgiveness." (An-Najm: 32)
And His words:
"So He penalized them with hypocrisy in their hearts until the Day they will meet Him – because they failed Allah in what they promised Him and because they used to lie." (At-Tawbah: 77)
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُوْدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَيُّ الذَّنْبِ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: «أَنْ تَدْعُوَ لِلّهِ نِدًّا ، وَهُوَ خَلَقَكَ». قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَيٌّ؟ قَالَ: «أَنْ تَقْتُلَ وَلَدَكَ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَطْعَمَ مَعَكَ». قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَيٌّ؟ قَالَ: «أَنْ تُزَانِيَ حَلِيلَةَ جَارِكَ». فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَصْدِيقَهَا: {وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يَزْنُونَ}(الفرقان: ٦٨) الآيَةَ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Narrated by Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him): A man asked, "O Messenger of Allah, which sin is greatest in the sight of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ replied: "To associate a partner with Allah, while He is the One who created you." The man asked, "Then what?" The Prophet ﷺ said: "To kill your child out of fear that he would share your food with you." The man asked, "Then what?" The Prophet ﷺ said: "To commit adultery with your neighbor's wife."
Then Allah revealed confirmation of this in His words:
"And those who do not invoke with Allah another deity or kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right, and do not commit unlawful sexual intercourse." (Al-Furqan: 68)
[Agreed upon by Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْن عَمْرِو (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «الْكَبَائِرُ : الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللهِ وَعُقُوْقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ وَاليَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَنَسٍ(رضي الله عنه): «وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّوْرِ» بَدَلَ «اليَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with them): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"The major sins are: associating partners with Allah, disobedience to parents, killing a soul, and the false oath (Al-Yameen Al-Ghamoos)."
[Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
In a narration by Anas (may Allah be pleased with him): "and false testimony" is mentioned instead of "the false oath." [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «اجْتَنِبُوا السَّبْعَ الْمُوْبِقَاتِ». قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، وَمَا هُنَّ ؟ قَالَ: «الشَّرْكُ بِاللّهِ وَالسِّحْرُ وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَأَكُلُ الرِّبَا وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ وَالتَّوَلِّي يَوْمَ الزَّحْفِ وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Narrated by Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"Avoid the seven destructive sins." They said, "O Messenger of Allah, what are they?" He said:
Associating partners with Allah (shirk),
Practicing magic (sorcery),
Killing a soul which Allah has forbidden except by right,
Consuming usury (riba),
Consuming the wealth of an orphan,
Fleeing on the day of battle,
And accusing chaste, believing, and unaware women of immorality.
[Agreed upon]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَزْنِي الزَّانِي حِيْنَ يَزْنِي وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، وَلَا يَسْرِقُ السَّارِقُ حِيْنَ يَسْرِقُ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، وَلَا يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ حِيْنَ يَشْرَبُهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، وَلَا يَنْتَهِبُ نُهْبَةً يَرْفَعُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ فِيهَا أَبْصَارَهُمْ حِيْنَ يَنْتَهِبُهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، وَلَا يَغُلُّ أَحَدُكُمْ حِيْنَ يَغُلُّ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، فَإِيَّاكُمْ إِيَّاكُمْ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) : «وَلَا يَقْتُلُ حِيْنَ يَقْتُلُ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ». قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: كَيْفَ يُنْزَعُ الْإِيْمَانُ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: هَكَذَا، وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ، ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَهَا. فَإِنْ تَابَ عَادَ إِلَيْهِ هَكَذَا، وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ: لَا يَكُوْنُ هَذَا مُؤْمِنًا تَامًا، وَلَا يَكُوْنُ لَهُ نُورُ الْإِيْمَانِ هَذَا لَفْظُ الْبُخَارِيِّ.
Narrated by Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"The adulterer does not commit adultery while being a believer, the thief does not steal while being a believer, the one drinking alcohol does not drink it while being a believer, the plunderer who takes property that causes people's attention does not do so while being a believer, and none of you betrays (in war booty) while being a believer. Beware, beware!" [Agreed upon]
In a narration by Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them): "Nor does a person kill while being a believer."
Ikrimah said: "I asked Ibn Abbas: 'How is faith removed from him?' He said: 'Like this,' and he interlocked his fingers, then removed them. 'If he repents, faith returns to him like this,' and he interlocked his fingers again."
Abu Abdullah (Imam Al-Bukhari) commented: "This means he is not a complete believer and does not have the light of faith." [This is the wording of Al-Bukhari]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلَاثٌ، زَادَ مُسْلِمٌ وَإِنْ صَامَ وَصَلَّى وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مُسْلِمٌ، ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَا: «إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَانَ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Narrated by Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"The signs of a hypocrite are three," and Muslim adds, "even if he fasts, prays, and claims to be a Muslim." The agreed narration states: "When he speaks, he lies; when he makes a promise, he breaks it; and when he is entrusted, he betrays." [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْن عَمْرٍو (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيْهِ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا خَالِصًا، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ فِيْهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ كَانَتْ فِيْهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنَ النِّفَاقِ حَتَّى يَدَعَهَا: إِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَانَ، وَإِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ، وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَرَ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with them): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "There are four traits; whoever possesses them is a pure hypocrite, and whoever has one of them has a trait of hypocrisy until he abandons it:
When entrusted, he betrays;
When he speaks, he lies;
When he makes a covenant, he betrays it;
And when he disputes, he transgresses."
[Agreed upon]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَثَلُ الْمُنَافِقِ كَالشَّاةِ الْعَائِرَةِ بَيْنَ الْغَنَمَيْنِ تَعِيرُ إِلَى هَذَا مَرَّةً وَإِلَى هَذَا مَرَّةً». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Narrated by Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"The example of a hypocrite is like a sheep wandering between two flocks, inclining sometimes to one and sometimes to the other." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَسَّالٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ يَهُودِيٌّ لِصَاحِبِهِ : اذْهَبْ بِنَا إِلَى هَذَا النَّبِيِّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُهُ: لَا تَقُلْ: «نَبِيٌّ»؛ إِنَّهُ لَوْ سَمِعَكَ لَكَانَ لَهُ أَرْبَعُ أَعْيُنٍ. فَأَتَيَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَاهُ عَنْ تِسْعِ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُشْرِكُوا بِاللهِ شَيْئًا، وَلَا تَسْرِقُوا، وَلَا تَزْنُوا، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ، وَلَا تَمْشُوْا بِبَرِيْءٍ إِلَى ذِي سُلْطَانٍ لِيَقْتُلَهُ، وَلَا تَسْحَرُوْا، وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا، وَلَا تَقْذِفُوْا مُحْصَنَةً، وَلَا تَوَلَّوْا لِلْفَرَارِ يَوْمَ الرَّحْفِ. وَعَلَيْكُمْ خَاصَّةً الْيَهُودَ أَنْ لَا تَعْدُوْا فِي السَّبْتِ». قَالَ: فَقَبَّلَا يَدَيْهِ ۱ وَرِجْلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ: نَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ نَبِيٌّ. قَالَ: «فَمَا يَمْنَعُكُمْ أَنْ تَتَّبِعُوْنِي؟ قَالَا: إِنَّ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ دَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنْ لَا يَزَالَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ نَبِيٌّ، إِنَّا نَخَافُ إِنْ تَبِعْنَاكَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَنَا الْيَهُودُ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Narrated by Safwan ibn Assal (may Allah be pleased with him): A Jew said to his companion, "Let us go to this Prophet." His companion said, "Do not say 'Prophet'; if he hears you, he will have four eyes (in pride)." So they came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked him about nine clear signs. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Do not associate anything with Allah, do not steal, do not commit adultery, do not kill a soul that Allah has forbidden except by right, do not falsely accuse an innocent person to the authority to have him executed, do not practice magic, do not consume usury, do not falsely accuse a chaste woman, and do not flee from the battlefield. And specifically for you Jews, do not transgress on the Sabbath."
They then kissed his hands and feet 1 and said: "We bear witness that you are a Prophet."
He ﷺ asked, "What prevents you from following me?" They replied, "David (peace be upon him) supplicated to his Lord that prophethood would remain in his lineage. We fear that if we follow you, the Jews will kill us." [Narrated by Tirmidhi, Abu Dawood, and Nasa’i]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "They kissed his hands and feet, etc." indicates that in Al-Durr Al-Mukhtar, it is mentioned: If someone asks a scholar or a pious person to extend his foot and allow him to kiss it, he should respond positively. However, some say he should not allow it.
۱ قوله: فقبلا يديه ورجليه إلخ : ولذلك قال في الدر المختار: طلب من عالم أو زاهد أن يدفع إليه قدمه ويمكنه من قدمه، ليقبله أجابه، وقيل: لا.
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «ثَلَاثٌ مِنْ أَصْلِ الْإِيْمَانِ: الْكَفُّ عَمَّنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، لَا تُكَفِّرْهُ بِذَنْبٍ، وَلَا تُخْرِجْهُ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِعَمَلٍ، وَالْجِهَادُ مَاضٍ مُذْ بَعَثَنِيَ اللهُ إِلَى أَنْ يُقَاتِلَ آخِرُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ الدَّجَّالَ، لَا يُبْطِلُهُ جَوْرُ جَائِرٍ وَلَا عَدْلُ عَادِلٍ، وَالْإِيْمَانُ بِالْأَقْدَارِ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Three things are part of the essence of faith: refraining from declaring anyone who says 'There is no deity but Allah' as a disbeliever due to a sin, not expelling him from Islam due to an act, striving in the cause of Allah continues from when Allah sent me until the last of this nation fights the Dajjal; it is not invalidated by the tyranny of a tyrant or the justice of a just leader, and belief in predestination." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا زَنَى الْعَبْدُ خَرَجَ مِنْهُ الْإِيْمَانُ، وَكَانَ فَوْقَ رَأْسِهِ كَالظُّلَّةِ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ العَمَلِ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْإِيْمَانُ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "When a servant commits adultery, faith departs from him and hovers over his head like a cloud. When he ceases the act, faith returns to him." [Narrated by Tirmidhi and Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ مُعَادٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : أَوْصَانِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِعَشْرِ كَلِمَاتٍ، قَالَ: «لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللهِ شَيْئًا وَإِنْ قُتِلْتَ وَحُرِّقْتَ. وَلَا تَعُقَّنَّ وَالِدَيْكَ وَإِنْ أَمَرَاكَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ. وَلَا تَتْرُكَنَّ صَلَاةً مَكْتُوبَةً مُتَعَمِّدًا؛ فَإِنَّ مَنْ تَرَكَ صَلَاةً مَكْتُوبَةٌ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ ذِمَّةُ اللهِ. وَلَا تَشْرَبَنَّ خَمْرًا فَإِنَّهُ رَأْسُ كُلِّ فَاحِشَةٍ. وَإِيَّاكَ وَالْمَعْصِيَةَ؛ فَإِنَّ بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ حَلَّ سَخَطُ اللهِ. وَإِيَّاكَ وَالْفِرَارَ مِنَ الرَّحْفِ وَإِنْ هَلَكَ النَّاسُ، وَإِذَا أَصَابَ النَّاسَ مَوْتٌ وَأَنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَاثْبُتْ وَأَنْفِقْ عَلَى عِيَالِكَ مِنْ طَوْلِكَ. وَلَا تَرْفَعْ عَنْهُمْ عَصَاكَ أَدَبًا. وَأَخِفْهُمْ فِي اللهِ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Mu’adh (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) instructed me with ten pieces of advice: Do not associate anything with Allah, even if you are killed or burned. Do not disobey your parents, even if they command you to leave your family and wealth. Do not deliberately abandon an obligatory prayer, for whoever does so intentionally, Allah's protection is lifted from him. Do not drink alcohol, for it is the root of all immorality. Beware of sin, for through sin, Allah's wrath descends. Beware of fleeing from the battlefield, even if people perish around you. If people are afflicted by a plague and you are among them, remain steadfast. Spend on your family from your wealth. Do not withhold discipline from them and instill in them the fear of Allah." [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: إِنَّمَا النَّفَاقُ كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ، فَأَمَّا الْيَوْمَ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ الْكُفْرُ أَوِ الْإِيْمَانُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "Indeed, hypocrisy existed during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). As for today, it is either disbelief or faith." [Narrated by Bukhari]