بَابُ مَا عَلَى الْوُلَاةِ مِنَ التَّيْسِيْرThe Duty of Governors to Facilitate
عَنْ أَبِيْ مُؤْسَى رضى الله عنه قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِﷺ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ
فِي بَعْضِ أَمْرِهِ قَالَ: (بَشِّرُوا وَلَا تُنَفِّرُوا، وَيَسِّرُوا وَلَا تُعَسِّرُوا). مُتَّفَقُّ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent one of his companions on a mission, he would say: Give glad tidings and do not repel, and make things easy and do not make them difficult. [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَنَس قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: (يَسِّرُوا وَلَا تُعَسِّرُوا، وَسَكِّنُواوَلَا تُنَفِّرُوا). مُتَّفَقُّ عَلَيْهِ.
Anas narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Make things easy and do not make them difficult, and calm people and do not repel them. [Agreed upon]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ أَبِيْ بُرْدَةَ رضی الله عنه قَالَ: بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ جَدَّهُ أَبَا مُوسَى وَمُعَاذًا إِلَىالْيَمَنِ، فَقَالَ: (يَسِّرًا وَلَا تُعَسِّرًا، وَبَشِّرًا وَلَا تُنَفِّرًا، وَتَطَاوَعَا وَلَا تَخْتَلِفَا). مُتَّفَقُّ عَلَيْهِ.
Ibn Abi Burda (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent his grandfather Abu Musa and Muadh to Yemen and said: Make things easy and do not make them difficult, give glad tidings and do not repel, and cooperate and do not differ. [Agreed upon]
عَنْ أَبِيْ سعید عَنْالنَّبِيﷺ قَالَ (لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ عند استه يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ). وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: (لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرْفَعُ لَهُ بِقَدْرٍ غَدْرِهِ، أَلَا ١ وَلَا غَادِرَأعْظَمُ غَدْرًا مِنْ أَمِيرٍ عَامَّةٍ). رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Sa'id narrated from the Prophet (ﷺ): Every betrayer will have a banner at his rear on the Day of Resurrection. In another narration: Every betrayer will have a banner on the Day of Resurrection raised according to the extent of his betrayal. Indeed, no betrayer is greater in betrayal than a public leader. [Narrated by Muslim]
Notes / الحواشي
1 Regarding the saying: Indeed, no betrayer is greater in betrayal than a public leader: Al-Nawawi said: It highlights the severe prohibition of betrayal, especially for one in public authority, as his betrayal harms many people. The well-known interpretation is that this hadith condemns the betrayer who betrays the trust given to him for his subjects, committing to uphold and protect it. If he betrays them or neglects kindness and gentleness toward them, he has betrayed his covenant. It is also possible that it prohibits subjects from betraying the leader, so as not to defy him, avoiding actions that could lead to unrest. The correct view is the first. As stated in al-Marqah.
١قوله: ألا ولا غادر أعظم غدرا من أمير عامة: قال النووي: فيه بيان غلظ تحريم الغدر، لا سيما صاحب الولايةالعامة؛ لأن غدره يتعدى ضرره إلى خلق كثير، والمشهور أن هذا الحديث وارد في ذم الغادر، وغدره للأمامنة التيقلدها لرعيته والتزام القيام بها والمحافظة عليها، فمتى خانهم أو ترك الشفقة عليهم والرفق بهم فقد غدر بعهده.ويحتمل أن يكون المراد نهى الرعية عن الغدر بالإمام، فلا يشق عليهم العصا، فلا يتعرض لما يخاف حصول فتنةبسببه، والصحيح الأول. كذا في (المرقاة).
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَرضي الله عنهُما أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: (الْغَادِرُ يُنْصَبُ لَهُ لِوَاءٌّ يَوْمَالْقِيَامَةِ، فَيُقَالُ: هَذِهِ غَدْرَةُ فُلَانٍ بْنِ فُلَانٍ). مُتَّفَقُّ عَلَيْهِ.
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The betrayer will have a banner raised for him on the Day of Resurrection, and it will be said: This is the betrayal of so-and-so, son of so-and-so. [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَنَسعَنْالنَّبِيﷺ قَالَ: (لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُعرف بِهِ). مُتَّفَقُّ عَلَيْهِ.
Anas narrated from the Prophet (ﷺ): Every betrayer will have a banner on the Day of Resurrection by which he will be known. [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَرَّةَ رضى الله عَنه قَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللّهِ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: (مَنْوَلَّاهُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَاحْتَجَبَ٢ دُونَ حَاجَتِهِمْ وَخَلَّتِهِمْ وَفَقْرِهِمْاحْتَجَبَ اللهُ عَنْهُ دُونَ حَاجَتِهِ وَخَلَّتِهِ وَفَقْرِهِ). فَجَعَلَ مُعَاوِيَةُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَوَائِجِ النَّاسِ.رَوَاهُ أَبُوْ دَاوُدَ وَالِّرْمِذِيُّ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُ وَلِأَّحْمَدَ: (أَغْلَقَ اللّهُ أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ دُونَ خَلَّتِهِ وَحَاجَتِهِ وَمَسْكَنَتِهِ).
Amr ibn Marra (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Muawiya said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: Whoever Allah Almighty entrusts with any matter of the Muslims and then secludes himself from their needs, wants, and poverty, Allah will seclude Himself from his needs, wants, and poverty. Muawiya then appointed a man to attend to people’s needs. [Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi] In a narration by them and Ahmad: Allah will close the gates of heaven against his wants, needs, and poverty.
Notes / الحواشي
2 Regarding the saying: And then secludes himself from their needs, etc.: It is stated in al-Durr al-Mukhtar: He should judge in the mosque and choose a mosque in the center of the town for people’s convenience, and likewise the ruler, the mufti, and the jurist, or in his house, and he should grant general permission.
٢قوله: فاحتجب دون حاجتهم إلخ: وقال في (الدر المختار): ويقضي في المسجد ويختار مسجدا في وسط البلدتيسيرا للناس، وكذا السلطان والمفتي والفقيه أو في داره، ويأذن عمومًا.
وَعَنْ أَبِي التَّسْمَاحِ الْأَزْدِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَمَّ لَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ أَتَىمُعَاوِيَةَ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللّهِ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: (مَنْ وَلِيَ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّاسِشَيْئًا، ثُمَّ أَغْلَقَ بَابَهُ دُوْنَ الْمِسْكِيْنِ أَوِ الْمَظْلُوْمِ أَوْ ذِيْ الْحَاجَةِ، أَغلَقَ اللهُ دُؤْنهُ أَبْوَابَرَحْمَتِهِ عِنْدَ حَاجَتِهِ، وَفَقْرُهُ أَفْقَرُ مَا يَكُوْنُ إِلَيْهِ). رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي (شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ)
Abu Tasmah al-Azdi narrated from his paternal cousin, one of the Prophet’s companions (ﷺ): He came to Muawiya and entered upon him, saying: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: Whoever is entrusted with any matter of the people and then closes his door to the poor, the oppressed, or those in need, Allah will close the gates of His mercy to him when he is in need, in poverty, and most in need of it. [Narrated by al-Bayhaqi in Shu‘ab al-Iman]
وَعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رضى الله عنه أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ عُمَّالًا اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ: أَلَّاتَرْكَبُوْا بِرْدَوْنًا، وَلَا تَأْكُلُوْا نَقِيًّا، وَلَا تَلْبَسُوْا رَقِيْقًا، وَلَا تُغْلِقُوْا أَبْوَابَكُمْ دُوْنَ حَوَائِجِالنَّاسِ، فَإِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ حَلَّتْ بِكُمْ الْعُقُوْبَةُ، ثُمَّ يُشَيِّعُهُمْ. ١ رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ.فِي (شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ).
Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: When he sent out governors, he stipulated upon them: Do not ride fine mounts, do not eat refined food, do not wear delicate clothing, and do not close your doors to the needs of the people. If you do any of this, punishment will befall you. Then he would see them off. [Narrated by al-Bayhaqi in Shu‘ab al-Iman]
Notes / الحواشي
1 Regarding the saying: Then he would see them off: It is stated in al-Marqah: Seeing them off is recommended.
١قوله: ثم يشيعهم: وقال في (المرقاة): والمشايعة مستحبة.