وَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّوَجَلٌ: فَأَقْبَرَهُ (عبس : ٢١)
And the saying of Allah, the Almighty: "Then He buried him" (Quran 80:21).
وَعَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَاصٍ أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَاصٍ(رضي الله عنه) قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي هَلَكَ فِيْهِ الْحَدُوا لِي لَحَدًا، وَانْصِبُوا عَلَيَّ اللَّينَ نَصْبًا كَمَا صُنِعَ بِرَسُوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Amir ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas reported that Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas said during his final illness: "Make a niche (Lahd) for me in the grave, and set the bricks over me firmly, just as was done for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ رَجُلَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا يَلْحَدُ وَالْآخَرُ لَا يَلْحَدُ. فَقَالُوا: أَيُّهُمَا جَاءَ أَوَّلًا عَمِلَ عَمَلَهُ، فَجَاءَ الَّذِي يَلْحَدُ فَلَحَدَ لِرَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ. رَوَاهُ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ.
Urwah ibn Az-Zubayr reported: "There were two men in Madinah: one who made niches (Lahd) in graves, and the other who did not. They said, 'Whichever of them comes first will do his work.' The one who made niches came first and made a niche for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)." [Narrated in Sharh As-Sunnah]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «اللَّحْدُ لَنَا وَالشَّقُّ لِغَيْرِنَا». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَقَالَ التَّرْمِذِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُؤْيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَا أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ۱ أَنْ يُلْقَى تَحْتَ الْمَيِّتِ فِي الْقَبْرِ شَيْءٌ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "The niche (Lahd) is for us, and the trench (Shaqq) is for others." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Al-Nasa’i, and Ibn Majah]
Ahmad also narrated it from Jarir ibn Abdullah. Al-Tirmidhi said: "It has been reported from Ibn Abbas that he disliked placing anything under the deceased in the grave." 1
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "He disliked, etc." This dislike is of a prohibitive nature. Therefore, it is said in Ad-Durr Al-Mukhtar: "It is not permissible to place a mat under the deceased in the grave." What is narrated that a piece of velvet was placed in his grave is an established report, and it is said that this was specific to him (ﷺ), so it is not appropriate for others. This is extracted from Al-Marqah and Radd Al-Muhtar.
۱ قوله: كره إلخ : فالكراهة تحريمية، لذا قال في الدر المختار»: ولا يجوز أن يوضع فيه مضربة انتهى. وما روي أنه جعل في قبره قطيفة، فخبر ثابت عنه، وقيل: إن ذلك من خواصه ، فلا يحسن في غيره. ملتقط من «المرقاة» ورد المحتار».
وَعَنْ سُفْيَانَ التَّمَّارِ أَنَّهُ رَأَى قَبْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُسَنَّمًا. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Sufyan An-Namar reported that he saw the grave of the Prophet (ﷺ) raised in a dome shape. [Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) دَخَلْتُ الْبَيْتَ الَّذِي فِيْهِ قَبْرُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَرَأَيْتُ قَبْرَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَقَبْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ مُسَنَّمَةٌ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ فِي مُصَنَّفِهِ.
It is also reported from him: "I entered the house where the grave of the Prophet (ﷺ) is located, and I saw the graves of the Prophet (ﷺ), Abu Bakr, and Umar raised in a dome shape." [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah in his Musannaf]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُجَصَّصَ الْقَبْرُ وَأَنْ يُبْنَى عَلَيْهِ۲ وَأَنْ يُقْعَدَ عَلَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prohibited plastering graves, building over them, or sitting on them. [Narrated by Muslim] 2
Notes / الحواشي
2 The statement: "And building over them." The prohibition regarding building is disliked if it is on one's own property and forbidden in public cemeteries. Some of our scholars explained that it is also due to the waste of wealth. However, the early scholars permitted building over the graves of renowned scholars and teachers so that people could visit them and find comfort in sitting there. This is mentioned in Al-Marqah and Radd Al-Muhtar.
۲ قوله: وأن يبنى عليه والنهي في البناء للكراهة إن كان في ملكه وللحرمة في المقبرة المسئلة. وقال بعض الشراح من علمائنا: ولإضاعة المال، وقد أباح السلف البناء على قبر المشايخ والعلماء المشهورين، ليزورهم الناس ويستريحوا بالجلوس فيه. كذا في المرقاة» و«رد المحتار».
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: لَأَنْ يَجْلِسَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى جَمْرَةٍ فَتُحْرِقَ ثِيَابَهُ فَتَخْلُصَ إِلَى جِلْدِهِ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ عَلَى قَبْرٍ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "It is better for one of you to sit on a burning ember that burns his clothes and reaches his skin than to sit on a grave." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَبِي الْهَيَّاجِ الْأَسَدِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عَلِيٌّ: أَلَا أَبْعَثْكَ عَلَى مَا بَعَثَنِي إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ لَا تَدَعَ تِمْثَالًا إِلَّا طَمَسْتَهُ وَلَا قَبْرًا۱ مُشَرِّفًا إِلَّا سَوَّيْتَهَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Al-Hayyaj Al-Asadi reported: Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said to me, "Shall I not send you on the same mission that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me on? Do not leave any statue without erasing it, nor any elevated grave without leveling it." [Narrated by Muslim] 1
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "Nor any elevated grave, etc." Ibn Al-Humam said: "This Hadith refers to what they used to do by raising graves with high structures. Our intention is not to prohibit raising the grave slightly to distinguish it from the ground." This is mentioned in Al-Marqah. It also states: "There is no indication in it for flattening the grave, as Ibn Hajar said, nor for raising it, as others said. Rather, it emphasizes the prohibition of building excessively. However, it is not permissible to level it completely with the ground, as the Sunnah is to mark the grave and raise it slightly, as [Narrated by Ibn Hibban in his Sahih."
۱ قوله : ولا قبر مشرفا إلخ : وقال ابن الهمام: هذا الحديث محمول على ما كانوا يفعلونه من تعلية القبور بالبناء العالي وليس مرادنا ذلك بتسنيم القبر، بل بقدر ما يبدو من الأرض يتميز عنها. قاله في المرقاة». وفيه أيضًا: ولا دلالة فيه لا على التسطيح كما قاله ابن حجر، ولا على التسنيم كما قاله غيره، بل فيه مبالغة للزجر على البناء، وإلا فلا يجوز تسويته بالأرض حقيقة؛ إذ السنة أن يُعلم القبر وأن يرفع شبرا كقبره ، كما رواه ابن حبان في صحيحه.
وَعَنْ أَبِي مَرْثَدٍ الْغَنَوِيِّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَجْلِسُوا عَلَى الْقُبُوْرِ وَلَا تُصَلُّوْا إِلَيْهَا». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Marthad Al-Ghanawi (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Do not sit on graves, nor pray facing them." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ: «احْفِرُوا وَأَوْسِعُوْا وَأَعْمِقُوْا وَأَحْسِنُوا، وَادْفِنُوا الاثْنَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ فِي قَبْرٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَقَدَّمُوا أَكْثَرَهُمْ قُرْآنًا». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: «وَأَحْسِنُوا».
Hisham ibn Amir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: On the day of Uhud, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Dig the graves, make them wide and deep, and do it well. Bury two or three in a single grave, and place the one who knew the most Quran first." [Narrated by Ahmad, Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, and Al-Nasa’i]
Ibn Majah narrated it up to the words: "And do it well."
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ جَاءَتْ عَمَّتِي بِأَبِي لِتَدْفِنَهُ فِي مَقَابِرِنَا، فَنَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ : رُدُّوا۲ الْقَتْلَى إِلَى مَضَاجِعِهِمْ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُوْ دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَالدَّارِمِيُّ، وَلَفْظُهُ لِلتَّرْمِذِيِّ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "On the day of Uhud, my aunt brought my father to bury him in our cemetery. Then the caller of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) announced, 'Return the martyrs to their places of death.'" [Narrated by Ahmad, Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Al-Nasa’i, and Al-Darimi, with the wording from Al-Tirmidhi] 2
Notes / الحواشي
2 The statement: "Return the martyrs to their places of death." It is recommended to bury the martyr or deceased in the place where they died, in the cemeteries of those people. However, if they are transported before burial for a distance of one or two miles, there is no harm in it. This is based on the report that Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas died in a village four Farsakhs (about 12 miles) from Madinah and was carried on the shoulders of men to Madinah. This is the summary of what is mentioned in Sharh Al-Munyah and Fath Al-Qadeer.
۲ قوله: ردوا القتلى إلى مضاجعهم ويستحب في القتيل والميت دفنه في المكان الذي مات فيه في مقابر أولئك القوم، وإن نقل قبل الدفن قدر ميل أو ميلين فلا بأس به؛ لأنه نقل عن سعد بن أبي وقاص أنه مات في ضيعة على أربعة فراسخ من المدينة، فحمل على أعناق الرجال إليها هذا حاصل ما في شرح المنية» و«فتح القدير».
وَعَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا تُوْفِّيَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِالْحُبْشِيِّ - وَهُوَ مَوْضِعٌ - فَحُمِلَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَدُفِنَ بِهَا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَتْ عَائِشَةُ أَتَتْ قَبْرَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَتْ:
وَكُنَّا كَنَدْمَانَي جَذِيمَةَ حِقْبَةً مِنْ الدَّهْرِ حَتَّى قِيلَ لَنْ يَتَصَدَّعَا
فَلَمَّا تَفَرَّقْنَا كَأَنِّي وَمَالِكًا لِطُولِ اجْتِمَاعِ لَمْ نَبِتْ لَيْلَةً مَعَا
ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: وَاللهِ لَوْ حَضَرْتُكَ مَا دُفِنْتَ إِلَّا حَيْثُ مُتَّ مُتَّ لَوْ شَهِدْتُكَ۱ مَا زُرْتُكَ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Ibn Abi Mulaikah reported: "When Abdur Rahman ibn Abi Bakr died in Al-Hubshi (a place), he was carried to Makkah and buried there. When Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) arrived, she visited the grave of Abdur Rahman ibn Abi Bakr and said:
'We were like the two companions of Jadhimah for a period of time,
Until it was said they would never part. When we separated, it was as if I and Malik,
Due to our long companionship, had never spent a night together.'
Then she said, 'By Allah, if I had been present, you would not have been buried except where you died. If I had witnessed your death, I would not have visited you.'" [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi] 1
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "If I had witnessed your death, I would not have visited you." Its explanation is in the chapter on visiting graves, so refer to it.
۱ قوله: ولو شهدتك ما زرتك : تحقيقه في باب زيارة القبور، فراجعه.
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أُخِذَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَاسْتُقْبِلَ اسْتِقْبَالًا. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abu Sa'id reported: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was taken from the direction of the Qiblah and was placed facing it." [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيْهِ قَالَ: الحد لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأُخِذَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَنُصِبَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّبِنُ نَصْبًا. رَوَاهُ إِمَامُنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ.
Ibn Buraidah reported from his father: "A niche (Lahd) was made for the Prophet (ﷺ), and he was taken from the direction of the Qiblah, and bricks were placed firmly over him." [Narrated by our Imam Abu Hanifah]
وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أُدْخِلَ الْقَبْرَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَلَمْ يُسَلَّ سَلَّا. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيْلِ.
Ibrahim An-Nakha'i reported: "The Prophet (ﷺ) was placed in the grave from the direction of the Qiblah, and he was not lowered slowly." [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah and Abu Dawud in Al-Maraseel]
وَعَن ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ قَبْرًا لَيْلًا، فَأُسْرِجَ لَهُ سِرَاجٌ، فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ، وَقَالَ: «رَحِمَكَ اللهُ، إِنْ كُنْتَ لَأَوَّامًا تَلَّاءً لِلْقُرْآنِ، وَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعًا. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَقَالَ: حَدِيْثٌ حَسَنٌ ۲.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) entered a grave at night, and a lamp was lit for him. He took the deceased from the direction of the Qiblah and said, 'May Allah have mercy on you. Indeed, you were someone who frequently recited the Quran.' Then he said Takbir four times." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi, who said: "This is a Hasan Hadith"] 2
Notes / الحواشي
2 The statement: "This is a Hasan Hadith." In Fath Al-Qadeer, it is said: "In its chain are Al-Hajjaj ibn Artah and Minhal ibn Khalifah, and there is disagreement about them. This lowers the Hadith from the level of Sahih to Hasan."
۲ قوله: حديث حسن : قال في فتح القدير: فيه الحجاج بن أرطاة ومنهال بن خليفة، وقد اختلفوا فيها، وذلك يحط الحديث عن درجة الصحيح، لا الحسن.
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ يُدْخِلُوْنَ الْمَيِّتَ مِنْ قِبَلَ الْقِبْلَةِ. رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْكَبِيْرِ) وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنِ خِرَاشٍ وَثَقَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ.
It is also reported from him: "The Prophet (ﷺ), Abu Bakr, and Umar used to place the deceased in the grave from the direction of the Qiblah." [Narrated by Al-Tabarani in Al-Kabir] In its chain is Abdullah ibn Khirash, whom Ibn Hibban trusted.
وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّهُ أُدْخِلَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْمُكَفَّفِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ. رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَصَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ حَزَمٍ فِي الْمُحَلَّى».
Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "Yazid ibn Al-Mukaffaf was placed in the grave from the direction of the Qiblah." [Narrated by Abdur Razzaq and Ibn Abi Shaybah, and authenticated by Ibn Hazm in Al-Muhalla]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ أَنَّهُ وَلِيَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعًا، وَأَدْخَلَهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
Ibn Al-Hanafiyyah reported: "He led the funeral of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), said Takbir four times, and placed him in the grave from the direction of the Qiblah." [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنهما) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا أَدْخَلَ الْمَيِّتَ الْقَبْرَ قَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَبِاللَّهِ وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُوْلِ اللَّهِ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "When the Prophet (ﷺ) placed the deceased in the grave, he would say, 'In the name of Allah, and by Allah, and according to the religion of the Messenger of Allah.'" [Narrated by Ahmad, Al-Tirmidhi, and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيْهِ مُرْسَلًا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَتَّى عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ ثَلَاثَ حَثَيَاتٍ بِيَدَيْهِ جَمِيعًا، وَإِنَّهُ رَشَّ عَلَى قَبْرِ ابْنِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَوَضَعَ عَلَيْهِ حَصْبَاءَ رَوَاهُ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ، وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: رَشَّ».
Ja'far ibn Muhammad reported from his father in a Mursal narration: "The Prophet (ﷺ) placed three handfuls of soil on the deceased with both hands together. He also sprinkled water on the grave of his son Ibrahim and placed pebbles over it." [Narrated in Sharh As-Sunnah]
Ash-Shafi'i narrated from his statement: "He sprinkled."
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ لِلَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى عَلَى جَنَازَةٍ، ثُمَّ أَتَى الْقَبْرَ فَحَثَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ ثَلَاثًا. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed over a funeral, then went to the grave and placed three handfuls of soil from the direction of the head." [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ(رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: رُشَّ قَبْرُ النَّبِيِّ ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي رَشَ الْمَاءَ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ بِلَالُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ بِقِرْبَةٍ بَدَأَ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى رِجْلَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ».
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The grave of the Prophet (ﷺ) was sprinkled with water. The one who sprinkled the water on his grave was Bilal ibn Rabah (may Allah be pleased with him) using a water skin, starting from the direction of the head until he reached the feet." [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Dala'il An-Nubuwwah]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُجَصَّصَ الْقُبُورُ وَأَنْ يُكْتَبَ ۱ عَلَيْهَا وَأَنْ تُوْطَأَ رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
It is also reported from him: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prohibited plastering graves, writing on them, or walking over them." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi] 1
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "Writing on them." In Al-Muhit, it is said: "If there is a need for writing to preserve the grave's mark and prevent disrespect, there is no harm in it. However, writing without a valid reason is not permissible. It is disliked to write Quranic verses, poetry, or praise on graves." This is summarized in Al-Hilyah and mentioned in Radd Al-Muhtar.
۱ قوله: أن يكتب عليها: فصل في المحيط» فقال: وإن احتيج إلى الكتابة حتى لا يذهب الأثر، ولا يمتهن فلا بأس به، فأما لكتابة بغير عذر فلا. حتى إنه يكره كتابة شيء عليه من القرآن أو الشعر أو اطراء مدح له، ونحو ذلك. حلية» ملخصا. قاله في رد المحتار».
وَعَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُوْنٍ أُخْرِجَ بِجَنَازَتِهِ فَدُفِنَ، فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهِ بِحَجَرٍ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ حَمْلَهُ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ وَحَسَرَ عَنْ ذِرَاعَيْهِ، قَالَ الْمُطَّلِبُ: قَالَ الَّذِي يُخْبِرُنِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى بَيَاضِ ذِرَاعَيْ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ حَسَرَ عَنْهُمَا، ثُمَّ حَمَلَهَا فَوَضَعَهَا عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، وَقَالَ: أُعْلِمُ۱ بِهَا قَبْرَ أَخِي وَأَدْفِنُ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ مَاتَ مِنْ أَهْلِي رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Al-Muttalib ibn Abi Wada'ah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "When Uthman ibn Maz'un (may Allah be pleased with him) died, his funeral was taken out and buried. The Prophet (ﷺ) ordered a man to bring a stone, but he could not carry it. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then rolled up his sleeves and carried it. Al-Muttalib said: 'The one who informed me about the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: It is as if I can still see the whiteness of the arms of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) when he rolled up his sleeves.' He then placed the stone at the head of the grave and said, 'I am marking the grave of my brother and will bury my family members near him.'" [Narrated by Abu Dawud] 1
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "I am marking it." In Qadikhan, it is said: "There is no harm in placing stones as a marker." This is mentioned by Al-Ayni in Sharh Al-Hidayah. In Ad-Durr Al-Mukhtar, it is said: "There is no harm in writing." In Radd Al-Muhtar, it is said: "Although the prohibition of writing is established, it is not acted upon. The Imams of the Muslims, from the East to the West, have writing on their graves, and this is a practice inherited from the predecessors. This Hadith strengthens this view, as writing helps identify the grave. However, it appears that this consensus applies when there is a need for it, as indicated in Al-Muhit."
۱ قوله : أعلم بها: وفي قاضيخان»: ولا بأس بوضع الأحجار؛ ليكون علامة. قاله العلامة العيني في شرح الهداية». ولقوله : أعلم بها قبر أخي. قال في الدر المختار»: لا بأس بالكتابة.
وقال في رد المحتار»: لأن النهي عن الكتابة وإن صح، ولكن ليس العمل عليها؛ فإن أئمة المسلمين من الشرق إلى الغرب مكتوب على قبورهم، وهو عمل أخذ به الخلف عن السلف، ويتقوى بهذا الحديث؛ فإن الكتابة طريق إلى تعرف القبر بها. نعم، يظهر أن محل هذا الإجماع العملي على الرخصة فيها ما إذا كانت الحاجة داعية إليه في الجملة، كما أشار إليه في «المحيط».
وَعَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جَنَازَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْقَبْرِ وَلَمْ يُلْحَدْ بَعْدُ، فَجَلَسَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةَ وَجَلَسْنَا مَعَهُ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ: كَأَنَّ عَلَى رُؤُوسِنَا الطَّيْرُ».
Al-Bara' ibn Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "We went out with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) for the funeral of a man from the Ansar. When we reached the grave, which had not yet been prepared, the Prophet (ﷺ) sat facing the Qiblah, and we sat with him." [Narrated by Abu Dawud, Al-Nasa’i, and Ibn Majah]
At the end of the narration, it is added: "It was as if birds were sitting on our heads."
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: كَسْرُ عَظْمِ الْمَيِّتِ كَكَسْرِهِ حَيًّا. رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ وَأَبُوْ دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, 'Breaking the bone of a deceased person is like breaking it while they are alive.'" [Narrated by Malik, Abu Dawud, and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزَمٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: رَآنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُتَّكِنًا عَلَى قَبْرٍ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تُؤْذِ صَاحِبَ هَذَا الْقَبْرِ» أَوْ لَا تُؤْذِهُ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Amr ibn Hazm (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Prophet (ﷺ) saw me leaning on a grave and said, 'Do not harm the occupant of this grave,' or 'Do not harm him.'" [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: شَهِدْنَا بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ تُدْفَنُ وَرَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ جَالِسٌ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ فَرَأَيْتُ عَيْنَيْهِ تَدْمَعَانِ، فَقَالَ: «هَلْ فِيْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ لَمْ يُقَارِفِ اللَّيْلَةَ؟» .
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "We attended the burial of the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and the Prophet (ﷺ) was sitting by the grave. I saw his eyes filled with tears. He then said, 'Is there anyone among you who did not commit a sin last night?'"
وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ لِابْنِهِ وَهُوَ فِي سِيَاقِ الْمَوْتِ: إِذَا أَنَا مُتُّ فَلَا تَصْحَبْنِي نَائِحَةُ وَلَا نَارُ، فَإِذَا دَفَنْتُمُونِي فَشُنُّوا عَلَيَّ التَّرَابَ شَنًّا، ثُمَّ أَقِيمُوا حَوْلَ قَبْرِي قَدْرَ مَا يُنْحَرُ جَزُور وَيُقْسَمُ لَحْمُهَا . حَتَّى أَسْتَأْنِسَ بِكُمْ وَأَعْلَمَ مَاذَا أُرَاجِعُ بِهِ رُسُلَ رَبِّيْ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Amr ibn Al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) said to his son while he was on his deathbed: "When I die, do not let any wailing woman or fire accompany me. When you bury me, throw the soil over me firmly, then stay around my grave for the time it takes to slaughter a camel and distribute its meat, so that I may find comfort in your presence and know how to respond to the messengers of my Lord." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: «إِذَا مَاتَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلَا تَحْبَسُوْهُ وَأَسْرِعُوْا بِهِ إِلَى قَبْرِهِ، وَلْيُقْرَأُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ فَاتِحَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ، وَعِنْدَ رِجْلَيْهِ بِخَاتِمَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ، وَقَالَ: وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ مَوْقُوْفٌ عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ أَبُوْ طَلْحَةَ : أَنَا. قَالَ: «فَأَنْزِلْ فِي قَبْرِهَا»، فَنَزَلَ۱ فِي قَبْرِهَا. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) say, 'When one of you dies, do not delay his burial. Hasten to take him to his grave, and recite Surah Al-Fatihah at his head and the concluding verses of Surah Al-Baqarah at his feet.'" [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Shu'ab Al-Iman, who said: 'The correct view is that it is Mawquf (attributed to Ibn Umar).' Abu Talhah said, 'I will do it.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'Then descend into her grave,' so he descended into her grave." [Narrated by Al-Bukhari] 1
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "He descended." Sheikh Ibn Al-Humam said: "No woman should enter the grave, and only men should handle the burial, even if they are non-mahrams. Touching a non-mahram woman through a barrier in cases of necessity is permissible during her life, and the same applies after her death. If a woman dies and has no mahram, righteous neighbors should bury her. If there are no neighbors, then righteous young men should do so. However, if she has a mahram, even through breastfeeding or marriage, he should descend and prepare her grave."
۱ قوله: فنزل: قال الشيخ ابن الهمام: لا يدخل أحدا من النساء القبر، ولا يخرجهن إلا الرجال، ولو كانوا أجانب؛ لأن مس الأجنبي لها بحائل عند الضرورة جائز في حياتها، فكذا بعد موتها. فإذا ماتت ولا محرم لها دفنها أهل الصلاح عن جيرانها، فإن لم يكونوا فالشباب الصلحاء. أما إن كان لها محرم ولو من رضاع أو صهرية نزل والحدها.