بَابُ الْجَمَاعَةِ وَفَضْلِهَاCongregational Prayer and Its Virtue
وَقَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ} (البقرة: ٤٣
Allah Almighty says:
“And bow down with those who bow (in worship)” (Al-Baqarah 2:43)
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: صَلَاةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ تَفْضُلُ صَلَاةَ الْفَدِّ بِسَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ دَرَجَةً». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ الْقَارِي: اسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَمَالِكُ عَلَى سُنِّيَّةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ.
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The prayer in congregation is twenty-seven times superior to the prayer offered alone." This is agreed upon (by Al-Bukhari and Muslim] Ali Al-Qari said: Abu Hanifah and Malik used this as evidence for the Sunnah of congregational prayer.
وَعَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا الصُّبْحَ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَالَ: «أَشَاهِدُ فُلَانٌ؟» قَالُوا: لَا ، قَالَ: «أَشَاهِدٌ فُلَانٌ؟» قَالُوا : لَا ، قَالَ: «إِنَّ هَاتَيْنِ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ أَثْقَلُ الصَّلَوَاتِ عَلَى الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَلَوْ تَعْلَمُوْنَ مَا فِيهِمَا لَأَتَيْتُمُوْهُمَا وَلَوْ حَبْوًا عَلَى الرُّكَبِ. وَإِنَّ الصَّفَ الْأَوَّلَ عَلَى مِثْلِ صَفّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَلَوْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَا فَضِيلَتُهُ لَابْتَدَرْتُمُوْهُ. وَإِنَّ صَلَاةَ الرَّجُلِ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ أَزْكَى مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ وَحْدَهُ، وَصَلَاتُهُ مَعَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ أَزْكَى مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ، وَمَا كَثُرَ فَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
It is narrated from Ubayy ibn Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "One day, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) led us in the Fajr prayer. After he finished, he asked, 'Is so-and-so present?' They said, 'No.' He asked, 'Is so-and-so present?' They said, 'No.' He then said: 'These two prayers (Fajr and Asr) are the heaviest prayers for the hypocrites. If you knew the virtue of these two prayers, you would come to them even if you had to crawl on your knees. The first row is like the row of angels. If you knew its virtue, you would race to it. A man’s prayer with another man is more virtuous than his prayer alone, and his prayer with two men is more virtuous than his prayer with one man. The more (people there are), the more beloved it is to Allah.'" [Narrated by Abu Dawud and Al-Nasa’i]
وَعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ قَالَ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَابِ فَقَدَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، وَإِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَابِ غَدًا إِلَى السُّوْقِ، وَمَسْكَنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بَيْنَ الْمَسْجِدِ وَالسُّوْقِ، فَمَرَّ عَلَى الشَّفَاءِ - أُمِّ سُلَيْمَانَ - فَقَالَ لَهَا: لَمْ أَرَ سُلَيْمَانَ فِي الصُّبْحِ؟ فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّهُ بَاتَ يُصَلِّي فَغَلَبَتْهُ عَيْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَأَنْ أَشْهَدَ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَقُوْمَ لَيْلَةً. رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ.
It is narrated from Abu Bakr ibn Sulayman ibn Abi Hathmah that Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) noticed Sulayman ibn Abi Hathmah’s absence from the Fajr prayer. The next day, Umar went to the market, and Sulayman’s house was between the mosque and the market. He passed by Ash-Shifa, Sulayman’s mother, and asked her, "I did not see Sulayman at Fajr prayer?" She replied, "He was praying at night and was overcome by sleep." Umar said: "To attend the Fajr prayer in congregation is more beloved to me than staying up all night in prayer." [Narrated by Malik]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ (رضي الله عنه)قَالَ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا وَمَا يَتَخَلَّفُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا مُنَافِقٌ قَدْ عُلِمَ نِفَاقُهُ أَوْ مَرِيضُ، إِنْ كَانَ الْمَرِيضُ لَيَمْشِي بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَّمَنَا سُنَنَ الْهُدَى، وَإِنَّ مِنْ سُنَنِ الْهُدَى الصَّلَاةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي يُؤَذِّنُ فِيهِ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ: مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَلْقَى اللهَ غَدًا مُسْلِمًا فَلْيُحَافِظُ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ حَيْثُ يُنَادَى بِهِنَّ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهَ شَرَعَ لِنَبِيِّكُمْ سُنَنَ الْهُدَى، وَإِنَّهُنَّ مِنْ سُنَنِ الْهُدَى.
وَلَوْ أَنَّكُمْ صَلَّيْتُمْ فِي بُيُؤْتِكُمْ كَمَا يُصَلِّي هَذَا الْمُتَخَلَّفُ فِي بَيْتِهِ، لَتَرَكْتُمْ سُنَّةَ نَبِيِّكُمْ، وَلَوْ تَرَكْتُمْ سُنَّةَ نَبِيِّكُمْ لَضَلَلْتُمْ.
وَمَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَتَطَهَّرُ فَيُحْسِنُ الطُّهُورَ، ثُمَّ يَعْمِدُ إِلَى مَسْجِدٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسَاجِدِ، إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ بِكُلِّ خَطْوَةٍ يَخْطُوْهَا حَسَنَةً وَرَفَعَهُ بِهَا دَرَجَةً وَحَطَّ عَنْهُ بِهَا سَيِّئَةً. وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا وَمَا يَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْهَا إِلَّا مُنَافِقُ مَعْلُوْمُ النَّفَاقِ، وَلَقَدْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُؤْتَى بِهِ يُهَادَى بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ حَتَّى يُقَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
It is narrated from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "We used to think that only a known hypocrite or a sick person would miss the prayer. Even the sick person would walk supported by two men to attend the prayer." He also said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) taught us the ways of guidance, and among the ways of guidance is to pray in the mosque where the call to prayer is made." In another narration, he said: "Whoever would be pleased to meet Allah as a Muslim, let him take care of these five prayers when they are called, for Allah has prescribed for your Prophet the ways of guidance, and these prayers are among the ways of guidance. If you were to pray in your homes as this person who stays behind prays in his home, you would be abandoning the Sunnah of your Prophet. If you abandon the Sunnah of your Prophet, you will go astray. There is no man who purifies himself and performs his purification well, then heads to one of these mosques, except that Allah writes for him a good deed for every step he takes, raises him a degree, and removes a sin from him. We used to see that only a known hypocrite would miss the prayer, and a man would be brought supported by two men until he was placed in the row." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أُمَّ الدَّرْدَاءِ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ وَهُوَ مُغْضَبٌ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا أَغْضَبَكَ؟ قَالَ: وَاللهِ ، مَا أَعْرِفُ مِنْ أَمْرِ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ يُصَلُّوْنَ جَمِيعًا. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ .
It is narrated from Umm Ad-Darda (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said: "Abu Ad-Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) entered upon me angry. I asked, 'What has made you angry?' He said: 'By Allah, I do not recognize anything from the affairs of the Ummah of Muhammad except that they pray together.'" [Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ آمُرَ بِحَطَبٍ فَيُحْطَبَ، ثُمَّ آمُرَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَيُؤَذَنَ لَهَا، ثُمَّ آمُرَ رَجُلًا فَيَؤُمَّ النَّاسَ، ثُمَّ أُخَالِفَ إِلَى رِجَالٍ) - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَا يَشْهَدُوْنَ الصَّلَاةَ - فَأُحَرِّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ بُيُوتَهُمْ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ يَعْلَمُ أَحَدُهُمْ أَنَّهُ يَجِدُ عَرْقًا سَمِينًا أَوْ مِرْمَاتَيْنِ حَسَنَتَيْنِ لَشَهِدَ الْعِشَاءَ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. وَلِمُسْلِمٍ نَحْوُهُ.
وَفِي الْمِرْقَاةِ»: قَالَ الْقَاضِي الْحَدِيثُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى وُجُوبِ الْجَمَاعَةِ، وَظَاهِرُ نُصُوْصِ الشَّافِعِيِّ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا مِنْ فُرُوضِ الْكِفَايَةِ. قُلْتُ: ظَاهِرُ الْحَدِيْثِ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ كِفَايَةً لَمَا اسْتَحَقَّ بَعْضُ التَّارِكِينَ التَّعْذِيبَ انْتَهَى قَالَ الشَّيْخُ ابْنُ الْهُمَامِ: لَا شَكٍّ فِي أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تُقَامُ عَلَى عَهْدِهِ اللهُ فِي مَسْجِدِهِ، وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فِي الْمُتَخَلَّفِينَ مَا قَالَ، وَهَمَّ بِتَحْرِيقِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَصْدُرْ مِثْلُهُ عَنْهُ فِيمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنِ الْجَنَائِزِ مَعَ إِقَامَتِهَا بِغَيْرِهِمْ انْتَهَى
وَقَالَ الْعَلَامَةُ الْعَيْنِيُّ: وَيَدُلُّ عَلَى وُجُوْبِهَا صَلَاةُ الخَوْفِ إِذْ فِيْهَا أَعْمَالُ مُنَافِيَةٌ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَلَا يُعْمَلُ ذَلِكَ لِأَجْلِ فَرْضِ كِفَايَةٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ. انْتَهَى
It is narrated from Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, I was about to order that firewood be gathered, then order the call to prayer to be made, then appoint a man to lead the people in prayer, and then go to the men who do not attend the prayer and burn their houses down. By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, if any one of them knew that he would find a fat bone or two good hooves, he would attend the Isha prayer." [Narrated by Al-Bukhari and a similar narration is found in Muslim]
In Al-Mirqah, it is said: "The Hadith indicates the obligation of congregational prayer. The apparent texts of Ash-Shafi'i indicate that it is a communal obligation (Fard Kifayah). I say: The apparent meaning of the Hadith contradicts this, for if it were a communal obligation, those who neglect it would not deserve punishment." Sheikh Ibn Al-Humam said: "There is no doubt that it was established during the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in his mosque, and yet he said what he said about those who stayed behind and intended to burn their houses. Such a statement was not made about those who missed funerals, even though they were performed by others." Al-'Ayni said: "The obligation of congregational prayer is also indicated by the prayer of fear, which involves actions contrary to prayer, and such actions are not performed for a communal obligation or a Sunnah."
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَوْلَا مَا فِي الْبُيُوْتِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ وَالذُّرِّيَّةِ، أَقَمْتُ صَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ وَأَمَرْتُ فِتْيَانِي يُحَرِّقُوْنَ مَا فِي الْبُيُوتِ بِالنَّارِ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
It is narrated from Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "If it were not for the women and children in the houses, I would have established the Isha prayer and ordered my young men to burn the houses with fire." [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَجُلٌ أَعْمَى، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِي قَائِدُ يَقُوْدُنِي إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَسَأَلَ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُرَخَّصَ لَهُ فَيُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِهِ، فَرَخَّصَ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى دَعَاهُ فَقَالَ: «هَلْ تَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ بِالصَّلَاةِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: «فَأَجِبْ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
It is narrated from Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that a blind man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have no one to lead me to the mosque." He asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) for permission to pray in his house, and he granted him permission. When he turned to leave, the Prophet called him back and asked: "Do you hear the call to prayer?" He said, "Yes." The Prophet said: "Then respond to it." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أُمَّ مَكْتُوْمٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّ الْمَدِينَةَ كَثِيرَةُ الْهَوَامِّ وَالسَّبَاعِ، وَأَنَا ضَرِيرُ الْبَصَرِ، فَهَلْ تَجِدُ لِي مِنْ رُخْصَةٍ؟ قَالَ: «هَلْ تَسْمَعُ حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «فَحَيَّ هَلَّا) وَلَمْ يُرَخَّصْ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Abdullah ibn Umm Maktoum (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah, Madinah is full of harmful creatures and wild animals, and I am blind. Do you find any concession for me?" The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Do you hear the call 'Hayya 'ala as-Salah, Hayya 'ala al-Falah' (Come to prayer, come to success)?" He replied: "Yes." The Prophet said: "Then respond to it." And he did not grant him any concession. [Narrated by Abu Dawud and Al-Nasa’i]
وَعَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ فِي قَرْيَةٍ وَلَا بَدْرٍ لَا تُقَامُ فِيهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ، إِلَّا قَدِ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ، فَعَلَيْكَ بِالْجَمَاعَةِ؛ فَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ الذَّنْبُ الْقَاصِيَةَ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ الْقَارِي: ظَاهِرُهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْجَمَاعَةَ فَرْضُ عَيْنٍ أَوْ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى مُخْتَارٍ مَذْهَبِنَا، وَلَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا فَرْضُ كِفَايَةٍ. وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يَقُلْ أَئِمَّتُنَا بِفَرْضِيَّتِهِ بَلْ بِوُجُوْبِهِ ؛ لِأَنَّ الدَّلِيلَ ظَنِّي انْتَهَى وَقَالَ عُلَمَاؤُنَا: فَيُسْتَفَادُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ كُلَّهَا أَنَّ الْجَمَاعَةَ سُنَّةٌ مُؤَكَّدَةٌ غَايَةَ التَّأْكِيْدِ، أَيْ تَشْبَهُ الْوَاجِبَ فِي الْقُوَّةِ، كَمَا فِي مَجْمَعِ الْأَنْهُرِ وَالْجَوَاهِرِ الْمُنِيفَةِ».
Abu Ad-Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "There are no three people in a village or desert among whom prayer is not established, except that Satan has overpowered them. So, adhere to the congregation, for the wolf eats the stray sheep." [Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and Al-Nasa’i]
Ali Al-Qari said: "The apparent meaning indicates that congregational prayer is an individual obligation (fard 'ayn) or a mandatory act according to our school of thought, and it does not indicate that it is a communal obligation (fard kifayah). Our scholars did not say it is obligatory (fard) but rather mandatory (wajib) because the evidence is speculative. Our scholars said: 'It is understood from all these narrations that congregational prayer is a highly emphasized Sunnah, resembling an obligation in strength, as mentioned in Majma' al-Anhur and Al-Jawahir al-Munifah.'"
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ سَمِعَ الْمُنَادِيَ فَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ مِنَ اتَّبَاعِهِ عُذْرُ، قَالُوا: وَمَا الْعُذْرُ؟ قَالَ: «خَوْفٌ أَوْ مَرَضُ، لَمْ تُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ الصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي صَلَّى». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالدَّارَ قُطْنِيُّ. وَفِي الْمِرْقَاةِ»: مَعْنَى عَدَمِ قُبُوْلِ الصَّلَاةِ أَنْ لَا ثَوْابَ لَهُ فِيْهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُجْزِئَةً فِي سُقُوْطِ الْفَرْضِ عَنْهُ، كَالصَّلَاةِ فِي الدَّارِ الْمَغْصُوْبَةِ تُسْقِطُ الْفَرْضَ وَلَا ثَوَابَ فِيهَا انْتَهَى
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever hears the call to prayer and is not prevented from following it by an excuse..." They asked: "What is the excuse?" He said: "Fear or illness, then the prayer he offers will not be accepted." [Narrated by Abu Dawud and Al-Daraqutni]
In Mirqat al-Mafatih, it is explained: "The meaning of the prayer not being accepted is that there is no reward for it, even though it fulfills the obligation, like praying in a usurped house; it fulfills the obligation but there is no reward."
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنه) : أَنَّهُ أَذَّنَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ ذَاتِ بَرْدِ وَرِيحٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَلَا صَلُّوْا فِي الرِّجَالِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ الْمُؤَذِّنَ إِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةٌ ذَاتُ بَرْدٍ وَمَطَرٍ يَقُولُ: «أَلَا صَلُّوا فِي الرِّحَالِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
وَفِي التَّعْلِيقِ الْمُمَجَّدِ: تَرْكُ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي الْبَرْدِ وَالرِّيحِ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ رُخْصَةٌ لِلتَّرْفِيَةِ مَنَّا مِنْ صَاحِبِ الشَّرْعِ، وَاخْتِيَارُ الْعَزِيمَةِ أَفْضَلُ ؛ لِوُرُوْدِ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ فِي تَرْكِ الْجَمَاعَةِ وَالتَّرْغِيْبِ الْبَالِغِ إِلَيْهَا. انْتَهَى
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he called the Adhan for prayer on a cold and windy night, then said: "Pray in your homes." He then said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to instruct the Mu'adhin, on cold and rainy nights, to say: 'Pray in your homes.'" [Agreed upon]
In At-Ta'liq al-Mumajjad: "Skipping congregational prayer due to cold, wind, or similar conditions is a concession for comfort granted by the Lawgiver, but choosing to adhere to the congregation is better, as many Hadiths emphasize the severity of abandoning congregational prayer and the great encouragement to attend it."
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا وُضِعَ عَشَاءُ أَحَدِكُمْ وَأُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَابْدَؤُوا بِالْعَشَاءِ، وَلَا يَعْجَلْ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنْهُ. وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُوْضَعُ لَهُ الطَّعَامُ وَيُقَامُ الصَّلَاةُ، فَلَا يَأْتِيْهَا حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنْهُ، وَإِنَّهُ لَيَسْمَعُ قِرَاءَةَ الْإِمَامِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "When dinner is served and the prayer is established, start with dinner and do not rush until you finish it." Ibn Umar would have food served to him when the prayer was called, and he would not attend until he finished eating, even if he heard the Imam reciting. [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا صَلَاةَ بِحَضْرَةِ طَعَامٍ، وَلَا هُوَ يُدَافِعُهُ الْأَخْبَثَانِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that she heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: "There is no prayer when food is present, nor when one is struggling with the call of nature." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: «إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَوَجَدَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْخَلَاءَ، فَلْيَبْدَأُ بِالْخَلَاءِ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَرَوَى مَالِكُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ نَحْوَهُ.
Abdullah ibn Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: "When the prayer is called and one of you feels the need to relieve himself, let him do so first." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi, and Malik, Abu Dawud, and Al-Nasa’i narrated something similar]
وَعَنْ ثَوْبَانَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : ثَلَاثُ لَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُنَّ: لَا يَؤُمَّنَّ رَجُلٌ قَوْمًا فَيَخُصُّ نَفْسَهُ بِالدُّعَاءِ دُوْنَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ خَانَهُمْ. وَلَا يَنْظُرُ فِي قَعْرِ بَيْتٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَأْذِنَ، فَإِن فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ خَانَهُمْ وَلَا يُصَلَّ وَهُوَ حَقِنُ حَتَّى يَتَخَفَّفَ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَلِلتَّرْمِذِي نَحْوُهُ.
Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Three things are not permissible for anyone to do: A man should not lead people in prayer and then supplicate for himself alone, excluding them. If he does so, he has betrayed them. He should not look into the depths of a house before seeking permission, for if he does so, he has betrayed them. And he should not pray while holding back the urge to relieve himself until he relieves himself." [Narrated by Abu Dawud, and Al-Tirmidhi narrated something similar]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ : لَا تُؤَخِّرُوا الصَّلَاةَ لِطَعَامٍ وَلَا لِغَيْرِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَغَوِيُّ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ».
وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمَلِكِ: يُحْمَلُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى مَا إِذَا كَانَ مُتَمَاسِكًا فِي نَفْسِهِ لَا يُزْعِجُهُ الْجُوعُ، أَوْ كَانَ الْوَقْتُ ضَيِّقًا يَخَافُ فَوْتَهُ؛ تَوْفِيقًا بَيْنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ. انْتَهَى
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Do not delay prayer for food or anything else." [Narrated by Al-Baghawi in Sharh as-Sunnah]
Ibn Al-Malik said: "This Hadith applies when one is not overwhelmed by hunger or when the time is short and one fears missing it, to reconcile between the Hadiths."
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوْبَةُ، إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ». رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، وَفِيهِ حَجَّاجُ وَعِبَّادٌ.
قَالَ الْعَلَّامَةُ الْعَيْنِيُّ : قَالَ يَعْقُوْبُ ابْنُ شَيْبَةَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ مَعِينٍ عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ الْفَسَاطِيطِيِّ الْبَصْرِيِّ، فَقَالَ: صَدُوْقُ، وَذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي الثَّقَاتِ. وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّالِحِيْنَ انْتَهَى
Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "When the prayer is called, there is no prayer except the obligatory one, except for the two Rak'ahs of Fajr." [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi, and in its chain are Hajjaj and 'Abbad]
Al-Allamah Al-Ayni said: "Ya'qub ibn Shaybah said: I asked Ibn Ma'in about Hajjaj ibn Nusayr Al-Fasati Al-Basri, and he said: 'He is truthful.' Ibn Hibban mentioned him among the trustworthy. 'Abbad ibn Kathir was among the righteous."
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ حِيْنَ دَعَاهُمْ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ: دَعَا أَبَا مُوسَى وَحُذَيْفَةَ وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَسْعُوْدٍ (رضي الله عنهم) قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الْغَدَاةَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، وَقَدْ أُقِيمَتْ الصَّلَاةُ، فَجَلَسَ عَبْدُ اللهِ إِلَى أُسْطَوَانَةٍ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَصَلَّى الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، وَقَالَ: فَهَذَا عَبْدُ اللهِ قَدْ فَعَلَ هَذَا، وَمَعَهُ حُذَيْفَةُ وَأَبُو مُوسَى لَا يُنْكِرَانِ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ ، فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مُوَافَقَتِهِمَا إِيَّاهُ. انْتَهَى
Abdullah ibn Abi Musa reported from his father that when Sa'id ibn Al-'As invited them, Abu Musa, Hudhayfah, and Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, before the Fajr prayer, they left his place after the call to prayer had been given. Abdullah sat by a pillar in the mosque, prayed two Rak'ahs, and then joined the congregational prayer. [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
At-Tahawi said: "Abdullah did this, and Hudhayfah and Abu Musa did not object to it, which indicates their agreement with his action."
وَعَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَدْخُلُ الْمَسْجِدَ وَالنَّاسُ صُفُوفٌ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، فَيُصَلِّي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ ، ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
Abu Ad-Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) used to enter the mosque while people were lined up for Fajr prayer. He would pray two Rak'ahs in a corner of the mosque and then join the congregation. [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ قَالَ: كُنَّا نَأْتِي عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ (رضي الله عنه) قَبْلَ أَنْ نُصَلِّي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الصُّبْحِ وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَنُصَلِّي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ فِي آخِرِ الْمَسْجِدِ، ثُمَّ نَدْخُلُ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
Abu Uthman An-Nahdi reported: "We used to come to Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) before praying the two Rak'ahs before Fajr while he was leading the prayer. We would pray the two Rak'ahs at the back of the mosque and then join the congregation." [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: إِذَا دَخَلْتَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَلَمْ تُصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ فَصَلِّهِمَا وَإِنْ كَانَ الْإِمَامُ يُصَلِّي ، ثُمَّ ادْخُلْ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
Al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If you enter the mosque and have not prayed the two Rak'ahs of Fajr, pray them even if the Imam is leading the prayer, then join the Imam." [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «صَلَاةُ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي بَيْتِهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلَاتِهَا فِي حُجْرَتِهَا، وَصَلَاتُهَا فِي مَخْدَعِهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلَاتِهَا فِي بَيْتِهَا». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "A woman’s prayer in her house is better than her prayer in her courtyard, and her prayer in her private chamber is better than her prayer in her house." [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ (رضي الله عنها): أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «خَيْرُ مَسَاجِدِ النِّسَاءِ قَعْرُ بُيُؤْتِهِنَّ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The best mosques for women are the innermost parts of their homes." [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، انْهَوْا نِسَاءَكُمْ عَنْ لُبْسِ الزِّينَةِ وَالتَّبَخْتُرِ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ؛ فَإِنَّ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَمْ يُلْعَنُوْا حَتَّى لَبِسَ نِسَاؤُهُمُ الزِّينَةَ وَتَبَخْتَرُوا فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ بِسَنَدِهِ فِي التَّمْهِيْدِ».
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "O people, prevent your women from wearing adornments and displaying themselves in the mosques, for the Children of Israel were not cursed until their women wore adornments and displayed themselves in the mosques." [Narrated by Ibn Abd Al-Barr in At-Tamhid]
وَعَنْهَا (رضي الله عنها) لَوْ أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ رَأَى مَا أَحْدَثَتِ النِّسَاءُ بَعْدَهُ لَمَنَعَهُنَّ الْمَسْجِدَ، كَمَا مُنِعَتْ نِسَاءُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
وَفِي جَامِعِ الْآثَارِ»: دَلَّ الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ عَلَى كَوْنِ الْحُضُورِ مَشْرُوْطًا بِشَرْطِ عَدَمِ الْفِتْنَةِ مِنْهُنَّ أَوْ مِنْ غَيْرِهِنَّ، وَالثَّانِي عَلَى فُقْدَانِ هَذَا الشَّرْطِ فِي مَا بَعْدَ ذَاكَ الزَّمَانِ، فَيُمْنَعُ عَنِ الْمَشْرُوطِ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "If the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had seen what women have introduced after him, he would have prevented them from going to the mosques, just as the women of the Children of Israel were prevented." [Narrated by Muslim]
In Jam' al-Athar: "The first Hadith indicates that women’s attendance at the mosque is conditional upon the absence of fitnah (temptation) from them or others. The second Hadith indicates the absence of this condition in later times, so they are prevented from attending the mosque."
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: كُلُّ عَيْنٍ زَانِيَةُ، وَإِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا اسْتَعْطَرَتْ فَمَرَّتْ بِالْمَجْلِسِ فَهِيَ كَذَا كَذَا يَعْنِي زَانِيَةً. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِي نَحْوُهُ.
Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Every eye commits adultery, and when a woman applies perfume and passes by a gathering, she is such and such, meaning an adulteress." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi, and Abu Dawud and Al-Nasa’i narrated something similar]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: أَمَرَنَا رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا كُنْتُمْ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَنُوْدِيَ بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَلَا يَخْرُجْ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُصَلِّي رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded: "When you are in the mosque and the call to prayer is made, none of you should leave until he has prayed." [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ بَعْدَ مَا أُذْنَ فِيْهِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه): أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ عَصَى أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ . رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Ash-Sha'tha reported: "A man left the mosque after the Adhan had been called, so Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'This man has disobeyed Abu Al-Qasim (the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him).'" [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ الْأَذَانُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ، لَمْ يَخْرُجْ لِحَاجَةٍ وَهُوَ لَا يُرِيدُ الرَّجْعَةَ ، فَهُوَ مُنَافِقٌ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever hears the Adhan in the mosque and then leaves, not for a necessity and without intending to return, is a hypocrite." [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «اثْنَانِ فَمَا فَوْقَهُمَا جَمَاعَةٌ. ۱ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Two or more constitute a congregation." 1 [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement "Two or more constitute a congregation" is supported by the explanation in Ad-Durr Al-Mukhtar: "The minimum number for a congregation is two, one being the Imam."
۱ قوله: اثنان فما فوقها جماعة لذلك قال في الدر المختار»: وأقلها اثنان، واحد مع الإمام.