بَابُ مَنْ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ الصَّدَقَةُThose for Whom Charity is Not Permissible
وَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّوَجَلَّ: خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ۱ (التوبة: ١٠٣)، وَقَوْلِهِ: أَوْ مِسْكِينَا ذَا مَتْرَبَةٍ (البلد : ١٦)
۱ قوله: تطهرهم : قال علي القاري: فهي كغسالة الأوساخ.
And the words of Allah, the Almighty: “Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them” (At-Tawbah 9:103), and His words: “Or a poor person in severe hardship” (Al-Balad 90:16).
1 The statement: “By which you purify them.” Ali Al-Qari said: “It is like washing away dirt.”
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ الله بِتَمْرَةٍ فِي الطَّرِيقِ، فَقَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ تَكُوْنَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ لَأَكَلْتُهَا». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) passed by a date on the road and said: “If I were not afraid that it might be from charity, I would have eaten it.” [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أُتِيَ بِطَعَامٍ سَأَلَ عَنْهُ أَهَدِيَّةٌ أَمْ صَدَقَةً؟ فَإِنْ قِيلَ : صَدَقَةٌ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: «كُلُوْا وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ، وَإِنْ قِيلَ: هَدِيَّةٌ، ضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ، فَأَكَلَ مَعَهُمْ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that when the Prophet (ﷺ) was brought food, he would ask whether it was a gift or charity. If it was said to be charity, he would tell his companions: “Eat,” but he would not eat. If it was said to be a gift, he would stretch out his hand and eat with them. [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: أَخَذَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلَيَّ تَمْرَةً مِنْ تَمْرِ الصَّدَقَةِ فَجَعَلَهَا فِي فِيْهِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ : كِخْ كِخْ لِيَطْرَحَهَا ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَمَا شَعُرْتَ أَنَّا لَا نَأْكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ»۲. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Al-Hasan ibn Ali took a date from the charity dates and put it in his mouth. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Kikh, kikh! Throw it away. Do you not know that we do not eat charity?” [Agreed upon]
Notes / الحواشي
2 The statement: “We do not eat charity.” In Al-Durr Al-Mukhtar: “Charity cannot be given to Banu Hashim. The apparent ruling in the school is a general prohibition. The opinion of Al-Ayni and Al-Hashimi that it is permissible to give one’s charity to someone like them is incorrect. It is not permissible.” This is mentioned in Al-Nahr. In Sharh Al-Nuqayah: Al-Tahawi said: “Abu Hanifah held that all charities are permissible for Banu Hashim, and the prohibition was during the Prophet’s lifetime because they received a share of the Khums. When that ceased after his death, charity became permissible for them.” He said: “This is our position.”
۲ قوله : إنا لا نأكل لذلك قال في الدر المختار ولا يصرف إلى بني هاشم. ثم ظاهر المذهب إطلاق المنع. وقول العيني والهاشمي يجوز له دفع زكاته لمثله صوابه لا يجوز. نهر) انتهى. وقال في شرح النقاية»: قال الطحاوي وعن أبي حنيفة لك أن الصدقات كلها جائزة على بني هاشم، والحرمة كانت في عهده ؛ الوصول الخمس إليهم. فلما سقط ذلك بموته حلت لهم الصدقة. قال: وبه نأخذ.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلَبِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَاتِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَوْسَاخُ النَّاسِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَا تَحِلُّ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَلَا لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abd Al-Muttalib ibn Rabi’ah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “These charities are the impurities of people, and they are not permissible for Muhammad or the family of Muhammad.” [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ فِي بَرِيْرَةَ ثَلَاثُ سُنَنٍ: إِحْدَى السُّنَنِ أَنَّهَا عُتِقَتْ فَخُيَّرَتْ فِي زَوْجِهَا، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ، وَدَخَلَ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ وَالْبُرْمَةُ تَفُوْرُ بِلَحْمٍ، فَقُرِّبَ إِلَيْهِ خُبْرُ وَأُدْمُ مِنْ أُدْمِ الْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَمْ أَرَ بُرْمَةً فِيهَا لَحْمُ؟» قَالُوا: بَلَى، وَلَكِنْ ذَلِكَ لَحْمُ تُصُدِّقَ بِهِ عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ، وَأَنْتَ لَا تَأْكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ، فَقَالَ: «هُمْ عَلَيْهَا صَدَقَةٌ وَلَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مُقطَّعًا.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: “There were three practices regarding Barirah: one was that she was freed and given the choice regarding her husband. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: ‘The right of inheritance belongs to the one who freed her.’ The Prophet (ﷺ) entered while a pot was boiling with meat. He was offered bread and some household condiments. He said: ‘Did I not see a pot with meat?’ They said: ‘Yes, but that meat was given as charity to Barirah, and you do not eat charity.’ He said: ‘For her, it is charity, but for us, it is a gift.’” [Narrated by Muslim, Bukhari narrated it in a fragmented form]
وَعَنْهَا (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَقْبَلُ الْهَدِيَّةَ وَيُثِيبُ عَلَيْهَا. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to accept gifts and reward for them.” [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَوْ دُعِيْتُ إِلَى كُرَاعٍ لَأَجَبْتُ، وَلَوْ أُهْدِيَ إِلَيَّ ذِرَاعٌ لَقَبِلْتُ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “If I were invited to a meal of a sheep’s trotter, I would accept, and if I were given a forearm as a gift, I would accept.” [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي يَطُوْفُ عَلَى النَّاسِ تَرُدُّهُ اللُّقْمَةُ وَاللُّقْمَتَانِ وَالتَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ، وَلَكِنِ الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي لَا يَجِدُ۱ غِنِّى يُغْنِيهِ، وَلَا يُفْطَنُ بِهِ فَيُتَصَدَّقُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يَقُوْمُ فَيَسْأَلُ النَّاسَ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The poor person is not the one who goes around asking people for a morsel or two or a date or two. Rather, the poor person is the one who does not have enough to suffice him, but people do not recognize his need so they do not give him charity, and he does not stand to beg from people.” [Agreed upon]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: “Who does not have enough to suffice him.” Ali Al-Qari said in Al-Mirqat: “This is evidence for the opinion of Abu Hanifah, Malik, and their followers that the poor person (miskin) is the one who owns nothing, making him worse off than the needy (faqir), who owns something but not enough to suffice him. The recipients of charity are the needy (faqir), who own less than the nisab, and the poor (miskin), who own nothing according to the school. Some say the opposite, but the first opinion is more correct. Al-Shafi’i held that the needy (faqir) is worse off than the poor (miskin).” This is mentioned in Al-Durr Al-Mukhtar and Rad Al-Muhtar.
۱ قوله: لا يجد غنى: أي شيئًا أو مالا يغنيه أي عن غيره ويكفيه، وفيه حجة لما ذهب إليه أبو حنيفة ومالك ومن تبعهما من أن المسكين هو الذي لا يملك شيئًا، فهو أسوأ حالا من الفقير؛ لأنه يملك ما لا يكفيه. قاله علي القاري في «المرقاة». حاصله: أن مصرف الزكاة الفقير أي من له ما دون النصاب، والمسكين أي من لا شيء له على المذهب. قيل: على العكس، والأول أصح. وعن الشافعي: أن الفقير أسوأ حالا من المسكين، الدر المختار» و«رد المحتار ملتقط منهما.
وَعَنْ أَبِي رَافِعِ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ، فَقَالَ لِأَبِي رَافِعٍ: اصْحَبْنِي كَيْمَا تُصِيبُ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ: لَا حَتَّى آتِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَسْأَلَهُ، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَنَا، وَإِنَّ مَوَالِيَ الْقَوْمِ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُوْ دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Abu Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent a man from Banu Makhzum to collect charity. The man said to Abu Rafi’: “Accompany me so that you may get something from it.” Abu Rafi’ said: “No, until I ask the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).” He went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and asked him. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Charity is not permissible for us, and the freed slaves of a people are part of them.” [Narrated by Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, and Nasa’i]
وَعَنْ حُبْشِيِّ بْنِ جُنَادَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: «مَنْ سَأَلَ مِنْ غَيْرِ فَقْرٍ۱ فَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ الْجُمْرَ». رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِلتَّرْمِذِي وَأَبِي دَاوُدَ وَالدَّارِي وَأَحْمَدَ وَالنَّسَائِي وَابْنِ مَاجَهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَحِلُّ۲ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيَّ».
Hubshi ibn Junadah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: “Whoever asks without being in need is only consuming embers.” [Narrated by Al-Tahawi]
In a narration by Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Al-Darimi, Ahmad, Nasa’i, and Ibn Majah: “Charity is not permissible for the wealthy.”
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: “Without being in need.” Al-Tahawi said: “This narration from Hubshi confirms what the Hanafis have reported: that asking is only permissible in cases of need.”
2 The statement: “Charity is not permissible for the wealthy.” In Sharh Al-Nuqayah: “We do not give charity to wealthy soldiers or pilgrims. Malik and Al-Shafi’i permitted giving charity to wealthy soldiers based on the narration in Sunan Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah from Abu Sa’id Al-Khudri, who said: ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Charity is not permissible for the wealthy except for five: the collector of charity, one who buys it with his wealth, a debtor, a fighter in the path of Allah, or a poor person who receives charity and gives it as a gift to a wealthy person.” We rely on the narration in Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi from Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Al-As: ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Charity is not permissible for the wealthy...”’ Al-Hakim narrated it and said: ‘It is authentic according to the conditions of the two Shaykhs, but they did not narrate it.’” Ibn Al-Humam said: “It is said that this hadith (from Ata ibn Yasar) is not established, and even if it were, it would not outweigh the hadith of Muadh, which was narrated by the authors of the six books along with its counterpart: ‘Charity is not permissible for the wealthy.’ Even if it were strong, the hadith of Muadh would outweigh it because it is prohibitive, while the other is permissive.”
۱ قوله: من غير فقر : وقال الطحاوي: فهذا حبشي قد حكى هذا عن النبي ، فوافق ما حكى من ذلك ما حكاه الحنفية من أن المسألة إنما تحل بالفقر.
۲ قوله: لا تحل الصدقة لغني: لذلك قال في شرح النقاية»: لا يدفع الزكاة على أغنياء الغزاة والحجاج عندنا، وجوز مالك والشافعي دفعها إلى أغنياء الغزاة؛ لما في سنن أبي داود وابن ماجه عن أبي سعيد الخدري قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: لا يحل الصدقة لغني إلا لخمسة: العامل عليها، ورجل اشتراها بماله، أو غارم، أو غاز في سبيل الله، أو مسكين تصدق بها عليه، فأهديها لغني، ولنا ما في أبي داود والترمذي من حديث عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص : أن رسول الله ﷺ قال: لا تحل الصدقة لغني إلخ رواه الحاكم، وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين، ولم يخرجاه انتهى. وقال ابن الهمام: قيل: لم يثبت هذا الحديث يعني حديث عطاء بن يسار، ولو ثبت لم يقو قوَّةً ترجح حديث معاذ؛ فإنه رواه أصحاب الكتب الستة مع قرينه من الحديث الآخر، يعني قوله: لا تحل الصدقة لغني، ولو قوي قوته ترجح حديث معاذ بأنه مانع و ما رواه مبيح.
وَعَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْن عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي رَجُلَانِ أَنَّهُمَا أَتَيَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، وَهُمْ يُقَسِّمُ الصَّدَقَةَ، فَسَأَلَاهُ مِنْهَا، فَرَفَعَ فِيْنَا الْبَصَرَ وَخَفَضَهُ، فَرَآنَا جَلْدَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ شِئْتُمَا۳ أَعْطَيْتُكُمَا، وَلَا حَقٌّ فِيهَا لِغَنِيٌّ وَلَا لِقَوِيٌّ مُكْتَسِبٍ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Ubaidullah ibn Adiy ibn Al-Khiyar reported that two men informed him that they came to the Prophet (ﷺ) during the Farewell Pilgrimage while he was distributing charity. They asked him for some, and he looked at them and saw that they were strong. He said: “If you wish, I will give you, but there is no share in it for the wealthy or the strong who can earn.” [Narrated by Abu Dawud and Nasa’i]
Notes / الحواشي
3 The statement: “If you wish, I will give you.” In Al-Mirqat: “Charity is not permissible for someone whose limbs are healthy and who is strong enough to earn enough to support himself and his family. This is the opinion of Al-Shafi’i and the Hanafis, provided he does not own the nisab. Shaykh Ibn Al-Humam said: ‘The answer is that the hadith indicates the prohibition of asking for them, as he said: “If you wish, I will give you.” If taking it were prohibited without exempting the giver, he would not have done it.’ Al-Sindi said: ‘This indicates that if someone gives it to them, it is permissible for them to take it and valid for the giver; otherwise, it would not be valid for him to give it to them at their request.’ Al-Tahawi said: ‘The evidence for the Hanafis is that his statement, “If you wish, I will give you, but there is no share in it for the wealthy,” means that if your wealth is hidden from me, and if you are wealthy, there is no share for you. If you wish, I will give you because I do not know about your wealth, but it is prohibited for you to take what I give you if you know that you are wealthy, contrary to what I see from your apparent condition that indicates your poverty. This is the meaning of his statement: “If you wish, I will give you, but there is no share in it for the wealthy.” As for his statement: “Nor for the strong who can earn,” it means that there is no share in it for the strong who can earn in all the ways that require a share.’”
۳ قوله: إن شئتها إلخ: وفي المرقاة: لا تحل الزكاة لمن أعضاؤه صحيحة، وهو قوي يقدر على الاكتساب بقدر ما يكفيه وعياله. وبه قال الشافعي والحنفية على أنه إن لم يكن له نصاب حلت له الصدقة. وقال الشيخ ابن الهمام: والجواب: أن الحديث دل على أن المراد حرمة سؤالهما لقوله: وإن شئتما أعطيتكما، فلو كان الأخذ محرما غير مسقط عن صاحب المال لم يفعله انتهى. وقال السندي: هذا يدل على أنه لو أدى أحد إليهما يحل لهما أخذه ويجزئ عنه، وإلا لم يصح له أن يؤدي إليهما بمشيئتهما انتهى.
وقال الطحاوي: فالحجة للحنفية عليه في ذلك أن قوله: وإن شئتهما أعطيتكما ولا حظ فيها لغني أي إن غناكما يخفى علي؛ فإن كنتما غنيين فلا حظ لكما فيها، وإن شئتما أعطيتكما؛ لأني لم أعلم بغناكها ، فمباح لي إعطاؤكما، وحرام عليكما أخذ ما أعطيتكما إن كنتما تعلمان من حقيقة أموركما في الغنى خلاف ما أرى من ظاهر كما الذي استدللت به على فقركما. فهذا معنى قوله: «إن شئتما أعطيتكما ولاحظ فيها لغني». وأما قوله: ولا لقوي مكتسب فذلك على أنه لا حظ فيها للقوي المكتسب من جميع الجهات التي يجب الحظ فيها.
وَعَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الصُّدَائِي (رضي الله عنه) يَقُوْلُ: أَمَّرَنِي۱ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى قَوْمِي، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَعْطِنِي مِنْ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ، فَفَعَلَ، وَكَتَبَ لِي بِذَلِكَ كِتَابًا، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ، أَعْطِنِي مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّوَجَلَّ لَمْ يَرْضَ بَحُكْمِ نَبِيَّ وَلَا غَيْرِهِ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ حَتَّى حَكَمَ فِيْهَا هُوَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، فَجَزَّأَهَا ثَمَانِيَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَإِنْ كُنْتَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَجْزَاءِ أَعْطَيْتُكَ حَقَّكَ». رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، وَرَوَى أَبُوْ دَاوُدَ نَحْوَهُ.
Ziyad ibn Al-Harith Al-Suda’i (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) appointed me over my people. I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, give me from their charity.’ He did so and wrote a document for me. Then a man came and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, give me from the charity.’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘Allah, the Almighty, did not approve of the judgment of a prophet or anyone else regarding charity until He judged it Himself from the heavens. He divided it into eight portions. If you are among those portions, I will give you your share.’” [Narrated by Al-Tahawi, Abu Dawud narrated something similar]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: “He appointed me.” Al-Tahawi said: “This Suda’i was appointed by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) over his people, and it is impossible that he appointed him while he was disabled. He then asked for some of his people’s charity, which is their Zakat, and the Prophet (ﷺ) gave it to him without preventing him due to his physical health. Then another man asked him, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘If you are among the portions that Allah, the Almighty, has divided the charity into, I will give you from it.’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) thus referred the ruling on charity to what Allah, the Almighty, referred it to in His words: ‘Charities are only for the poor and the needy...’ (At-Tawbah 9:60). Whoever falls under the category of any of those groups is among the recipients of charity, as Allah, the Almighty, has designated for them in His Book and His Messenger in his Sunnah, whether they are disabled or healthy.”
۱ قوله: أمرني إلخ وقال الطحاوي: فهذا الصدائي قد أمره رسول الله له على قومه، ومحال أن يكون أمره وبه زمانة، ثم قد سأله من صدقة قومه، وهي زكاتهم، فأعطاه منها ولم يمنعه منه لصحة بدنه، ثم سأله الرجل الآخر بعد ذلك، فقال له رسول الله ﷺ: إن كنت من الأجزاء الذين جزأ الله عز وجل الصدقة فيهم أعطيتك منها، فرد رسول الله ﷺ بذلك حكم الصدقات إلى ما ردَّها الله عز وجل إليه بقوله: ﴿إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ (التوبة: ٦٠) الآية. فكل من وقع عليه اسم صنف من تلك الأصناف فهو من أهل الصدقة الذين جعلها الله عز وجل لهم في كتابه، ورسوله في سنته زمنًا كان أو صحيحًا.
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ الْآيَةَ قَالَ: فِي أَيَّ صَنَفٍ وَضَعْتَهُ أَجْزَأَكَ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ الله نَحْوَهُ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said regarding the words of Allah, the Almighty: “Charities are only for the poor and the needy...” (At-Tawbah 9:60): “Whichever category you place it in, it will suffice.” [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi]
Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated something similar from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: أَعْوَزْنَا مَرَّةً فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ : مَنْ اسْتَعَفَّ أَعَفَّهُ اللهُ، وَمَنْ اسْتَغْنَى أَغْنَاهُ اللَّهُ، وَمَنْ سَأَلَنَا۲أَعْطَيْنَاهُ». قَالَ: قُلْتُ فَلَأَسْتَعِفُ فَيُعِفُنِي اللهُ، وَلَأَسْتَغْنِي فَيُغْنِيْنِيَ اللَّهُ. قَالَ: فَوَاللَّهِ، مَا كَانَ إِلَّا أَيَّامُ حَتَّى أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَسَمَ زَبِيْبًا فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْنَا مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ قَسَّمَ شَعِيرًا فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْنَا مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ سَالَتْ عَلَيْنَا الدُّنْيَا، فَغَرَّقَتْنَا إِلَّا مِنْ عَصَمَ اللَّهُ. رَوَاهُ الصَّحَاوِيُّ.
Abu Sa’id Al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Once we were in need, so I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and mentioned it to him. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: ‘Whoever refrains from asking, Allah will make him self-sufficient. Whoever seeks sufficiency, Allah will make him sufficient. Whoever asks us, we will give him.’ I said: ‘Then I will refrain from asking, and Allah will make me self-sufficient. I will seek sufficiency, and Allah will make me sufficient.’ By Allah, it was only a few days until the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) distributed raisins and sent some to us. Then he distributed barley and sent some to us. After that, the world poured upon us, and we were drowned in it except for those whom Allah protected.” [Narrated by Al-Tahawi]
Notes / الحواشي
2 The statement: “Whoever asks us, we will give him.” Al-Tahawi said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘Whoever asks us, we will give him,’ addressing his companions, most of whom were healthy and not disabled, but they were poor. He did not prevent them from charity due to their health. This indicates what we have mentioned, and the one who refrains from asking is better than the one who asks. Abu Sa’id did not ask for this reason, and if he had asked, the Prophet (ﷺ) would have given him, as he had offered it to him and others like him among his companions.”
۲ قوله: من سألنا أعطيناه وقال الطحاوي: فهذا رسول الله ﷺ يقول : من سألنا أعطيناه، ويخاطب بذلك أصحابه، وأكثرهم صحيح لا زمانة به، إلا أنه فقير، فلم يمنعهم منها لصحتهم. فقد دل ذلك على ما ذكرنا، وفضل من استعف ولم يسأل على من سأل، فلم يسأله أبو سعيد لذلك، ولو سأله لأعطاه؛ إذ قد كان بذل ذلك له ولأمثاله من أصحابه.
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) أَنَّ مُعَاذَا قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّكَ تَأْتِي قَوْمًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوْا لِذَلِكَ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللهَ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوْا لِذَلِكَ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللهَ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً، تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ فَتُرَدُّ فِي فُقَرَائِهِمْ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوْا لِذَلِكَ فَإِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُوْمِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Muadh said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me and said: ‘You will come to a people from the People of the Book. Call them to testify that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in that, then inform them that Allah has obligated five prayers upon them every day and night. If they obey you in that, then inform them that Allah has obligated charity upon them, to be taken from their wealthy and given to their poor. If they obey you in that, then beware of their precious possessions, and fear the supplication of the oppressed.’” [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: شَرِبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَابِ لَبَنًا فَأَعْجَبَهُ، فَسَأَلَ الَّذِي سَقَاهُ مِنْ أَيْنَ هَذَا اللَّبَنُ؟ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ وَرَدَ عَلَى مَاءٍ قَدْ سَمَّاهُ، فَإِذَا نَعَمُ مِنْ نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَهُمْ يَسْقُوْنَ فَحَلَبُوْا لِي مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا فَجَعَلْتُهُ فِي سِقَائِي، فَهُوْ هَذَا، فَأَدْخَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الخَطَابِ يَدَهُ فَاسْتَقَاءَهُ. رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Zaid ibn Aslam (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: “Umar ibn Al-Khattab drank some milk and liked it. He asked the one who gave it to him where it came from. The man informed him that he had come to a watering place where some charity animals were grazing, and they milked some for him, which he put in his container. Umar immediately put his finger in his throat and vomited it.” [Narrated by Malik and Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]