بَابُ عِيَادَةِ الْمَرِيضِ وَثَوَابِ الْمَرَضِVisiting the Sick and the Reward of Illness
وَقَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَدَّمُوا وَاثَرَهُمْ (يس: ١٢ ، وَقَوْلِهِ: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ أُلُوْفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ (البقرة : ٢٤٣، وَقَوْلِهِ: قُل لَّن يَنفَعَكُمُ الْفِرَارُ إِن فَرَرْتُم مِّنَ الْمَوْتِ أَوِ الْقَتْلِ وَإِذَا لَّا تُمَتَّعُوْنَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا ) (الأحزاب: ١٦
Allah, the Almighty, said: "And We record what they have sent ahead and their footprints" (Qur'an 36:12)
And His saying: "Have you not seen those who left their homes in thousands, fearing death?" (Qur'an 2:243)
And His saying: "Say, 'Never will fleeing benefit you if you flee from death or killing, and then you will not be given enjoyment except for a little'" (Qur'an 33:16).
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ : «أَطْعِمُوا الْجَائِعَ وَعُوْدُوا الْمَرِيضَ وَفُكُوا الْعَانِي۱. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Feed the hungry, visit the sick, and free the captive."1 [Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "Free the captive" means to release the enslaved prisoner. This is mentioned in Al-Mirqat.
۱ قوله : فكوا عاني: أي أعتقوا الأسير الرقيق. قاله في «المرقاة».
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : حَقُّ الْمُسْلِمِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ خَمْسٌ : رَدُّ السَّلَامِ وَعِيَادَةُ الْمَرِيضِ وَاتَّبَاعُ الْجَنَائِزِ وَإِجَابَةُ الدَّعْوَةِ وَتَشْمِيْتُ الْعَاطِسِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The rights of a Muslim upon another Muslim are five: to return the greeting, to visit the sick, to accompany the funeral processions, to accept invitations, and to respond to the one who sneezes." [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : حَقُّ الْمُسْلِمِ سِتُّ قِيلَ: مَا هُنَّ يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: «إِذَا لَقِيْتَهُ فَسَلَّمْ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِذَا دَعَاكَ فَأَجِبْهُ، وَإِذَا اسْتَنْصَحَكَ فَانْصَحْ لَهُ، وَإِذَا عَطِسَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ فَشَمَتَهُ، وَإِذَا مَرِضَ فَعُدْهُ، وَإِذَا مَاتَ فَاتَّبِعْهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The rights of a Muslim are six." It was said: "What are they, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "When you meet him, greet him; when he invites you, accept his invitation; when he seeks your advice, advise him; when he sneezes and praises Allah, say 'Yarhamuk Allah' (may Allah have mercy on you); when he falls ill, visit him; and when he dies, follow his funeral." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: أَمَرَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِسَبْعٍ وَنَهَانَا عَنْ سَبْعٍ، أَمَرِنَا بِعِيَادَةِ الْمَرِيضِ وَاتَّبَاعِ الْجَنَائِزِ وَتَشْمِيْتِ الْعَاطِسِ وَرَدَّ السَّلَامِ وَإِجَابَةِ الدَّاعِي وَإِبْرَارِ الْمُقْسِمِ وَنَصْرِ الْمَظْلُوْمِ. وَنَهَانَا عَنْ خَاتَمِ الذَّهَبِ وَعَنِ الْحَرِيرِ وَالْإِسْتَبْرَقِ وَالدِّيْبَاجِ وَالْمِيثَرَةِ الْحَمْرَاءِ وَالْمَسِيِّ وَآنِيَةِ الْفِضَّةِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ وَعَنِ الشَّرْبِ فِي الْفِضَّةِ، فَإِنَّ مَنْ شَرِبَ فِيْهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا لَمْ يَشْرَبُ فِيهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Al-Bara' ibn 'Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Prophet (ﷺ) commanded us with seven things and forbade us from seven. He commanded us to visit the sick, to follow funeral processions, to respond to the sneezer, to return greetings, to accept invitations, to fulfill oaths, and to support the oppressed. He forbade us from gold rings, silk, brocade, fine silk, red cushions, silver vessels, and drinking from silver vessels. In another narration, he forbade drinking from silver, for whoever drinks from it in this world will not drink from it in the Hereafter." [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ غُلَامُ يَهُودِيُّ يَخْدِمُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَمَرِضَ فَأَتَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعُودُهُ، فَقَعَدَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «أَسْلِمْ» فَنَظَرَ إِلَى أَبِيْهِ وَهُوَ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ: أَطِعْ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ، فَأَسْلَمَ ۱، فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَقُوْلُ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَنْقَذَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "A Jewish boy who served the Prophet (ﷺ) fell ill, so the Prophet (ﷺ) visited him. He sat by his head and said: 'Embrace Islam.' The boy looked at his father, who was present, and the father said: 'Obey Abul-Qasim (the Prophet).' So the boy embraced Islam. 1 The Prophet (ﷺ) left saying: 'Praise be to Allah who saved him from the Fire.'" [Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "So the boy embraced Islam" supports the view of Imam Abu Hanifah, who holds that the Islam of a child is valid. This is mentioned in Al-Mirqat.
۱ قوله : فأسلم إلخ : ظاهر الحديث يُؤيد مذهب الإمام أبي حنيفة حيث يقول بصحة إسلام الصبي. كذا في «المرقاة».
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ تَخْفِيفُ الْجُلُوسِ وَقِلَّةُ الصَّخَبُ فِي الْعِيَادَةِ عِنْدَ الْمَرِيضِ. قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا كَثُرَ لَغَطُهُمْ وَاخْتِلَافُهُمْ: «قُوْمُوا عَنِّي رَوَاهُ رَزِينُ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "It is from the Sunnah to shorten the visit and reduce noise when visiting the sick." He said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said when their noise and arguments increased: 'Leave me.'" [Narrated by Razin]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «الْعِيَادَةُ فَوَاقَ نَاقَةٍ». وَفِي رِوَايَةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ مُرْسَلًا: «أَفْضَلُ الْعِيَادَةِ سُرْعَةُ الْقِيَامِ». رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Visiting the sick is like the interval between two milking sessions of a camel." In a narration from Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyab, it is reported as: "The best visit is the quickest departure." [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Shu'ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَادَ رَجُلًا فَقَالَ لَهُ: «مَا تَشْتَهِي؟» قَالَ: أَشْتَهِي خُبْزَ بُرِّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ : مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ خُبْزُ بُرِّ فَلْيَبْعَثْ إِلَى أَخِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: إِذَا اشْتَهَى مَرِيضُ أَحَدِكُمْ شَيْئًا فَلْيَطْعَمْهُ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) visited a sick man and asked him: "What do you desire?" The man said: "I desire wheat bread." The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever has wheat bread should send it to his brother." Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If a sick person among you desires something, let him eat it." [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: إِنَّ عَلِيًّا خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْد النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي وَجْعِهِ الَّذِي تُوْفِّيَ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ، كَيْفَ أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: أَصْبَحَ بِحَمْدِ اللهِ بَارِئًا. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came out from the Prophet (ﷺ) during his final illness, and the people asked: 'O Abu Al-Hasan, how is the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) this morning?' He said: 'He is better, praise be to Allah.'" [Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
وَعَنْ ثَوْبَانَ الله قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا عَادَ أَخَاهُ الْمُسْلِمَ لَمْ يَزَلْ فِي خُرْفَةِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When a Muslim visits his sick Muslim brother, he remains in the harvest of Paradise until he returns." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَعُودُ مُسْلِمًا غُدْوَةً إِلَّا صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ سَبْعُوْنَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ حَتَّى يُمْسِيَ، وَإِنْ عَادَهُ عَشِيَّةٌ إِلَّا صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ سَبْعُوْنَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، وَكَانَ لَهُ خَرِيْفٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُوْ دَاوُدَ.
Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: "No Muslim visits a Muslim in the morning except that seventy thousand angels pray for him until the evening, and if he visits him in the evening, seventy thousand angels pray for him until the morning, and he will have a harvest in Paradise." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُوْلُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ مَرِضْتُ فَلَمْ تَعُدْنِي، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، كَيْفَ أَعُوْدُكَ وَأَنْتَ رَبُّ الْعَالِمِينَ؟ قَالَ: أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ عَبْدِي فُلَانًا مَرِضَ فَلَمْ تَعُدْهُ، أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّكَ لَوْ عُدْتَهُ لَوَجَدْتَنِي عِنْدَهُ يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ اسْتَطْعَمْتُكَ فَلَمْ تُطْعِمْنِي، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، كَيْفَ أُطْعِمُكَ وَأَنْتَ رَبُّ الْعَالِمِينَ؟ قَالَ: أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ اسْتَطْعَمَكَ عَبْدِي فُلَانٌ فَلَمْ تُطْعِمْهُ، أَمَّا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّكَ لَوْ أَطْعَمْتَهُ لَوَجَدْتَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدِي. يَا ابْنِ آدَمَ اسْتَسْقَيْتُكَ فَلَمْ تَسْقِنِي، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، كَيْفَ أَسْقِيْكَ وَأَنْتَ رَبُّ الْعَالِمِينَ؟ قَالَ: اسْتَسْقَاكَ عَبْدِي فُلَانٌ فَلَمْ تَسْقِهِ، أَمَا أَنَّكَ لَوْ سَقَيْتَهُ وَجَدْتَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَيْ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Allah, the Almighty, will say on the Day of Resurrection: 'O son of Adam, I fell ill, and you did not visit Me.' He will say: 'O Lord, how could I visit You when You are the Lord of the worlds?' Allah will say: 'Did you not know that My servant so-and-so fell ill, and you did not visit him? Did you not know that if you had visited him, you would have found Me with him? O son of Adam, I asked you for food, and you did not feed Me.' He will say: 'O Lord, how could I feed You when You are the Lord of the worlds?' Allah will say: 'Did you not know that My servant so-and-so asked you for food, and you did not feed him? Did you not know that if you had fed him, you would have found that with Me? O son of Adam, I asked you for water, and you did not give Me to drink.' He will say: 'O Lord, how could I give You to drink when You are the Lord of the worlds?' Allah will say: 'My servant so-and-so asked you for water, and you did not give him to drink. If you had given him to drink, you would have found that with Me.'" [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : مَنْ عَادَ مَرِيضًا نَادَى مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ : طِبْتَ وَطَابَ مَمْشَاكَ وَتَبَوَّأْتَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ مَنْزِلًا». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever visits a sick person, a caller from heaven calls out: 'You have done well, and your walk is blessed, and you have prepared a place in Paradise.'" [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ فَأَحْسَنَ الْوُضُوءَ وَعَادَ أَخَاهُ الْمُسْلِمَ مُحْتَسِبًا بُوْعِدَ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ مَسِيْرَةَ سِتَّيْنَ خَرِيفًا». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever performs ablution well and visits his Muslim brother with the intention of seeking reward, he will be promised a distance of sixty years from Hell." [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ عَادَ مَرِيضًا لَمْ يَزَلْ يَخُوضُ الرَّحْمَةَ حَتَّى يَجْلِسَ، فَإِذَا جَلَسَ اغْتَمَسَ فِيْهَا». رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ وَأَحْمَدُ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever visits a sick person continues to wade in mercy until he sits down, and when he sits, he is immersed in it." [Narrated by Malik and Ahmad]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَى أَعْرَابِيَّ يَعُوْدُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَى مَرِيضٍ يَعُوْدُهُ قَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ طُهُورُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «لَا بَأْسَ طُهُورُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ قَالَ: كَلَّا حُتَّى تَفُورُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ كَبِيرٍ تُزِيْرَهُ الْقُبُورَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَنَعَمْ إِذَا». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) visited a Bedouin who was ill. Whenever he visited a sick person, he would say: "No harm, it is a purification, Allah willing." He said to him: "No harm, it is a purification, Allah willing." The Bedouin said: "No, until it boils over something big that the graves will visit." The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Then yes, if it is so." [Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ فَنَفَسُوْا لَهُ فِي أَجْلِهِ؛ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَرُدُّ شَيْئًا وَيَطِيْبُ بِنَفْسِهِ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When you visit a sick person, give him hope for a long life, for that does not repel anything but comforts his soul." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ عَادَ مَرِيضًا، فَقَالَ: «أَبْشِرْ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: هِيَ نَارِي أُسَلِّطُهَا عَلَى عَبْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِ فِي الدُّنْيَا؛ لِتَكُوْنَ حَظَّهُ مِنَ النَّارِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَابْنُ مَاجَهِ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) visited a sick person and said: "Receive glad tidings, for Allah, the Almighty, says: 'It is My fire that I impose on My believing servant in this world, so that it may be his share of the Fire on the Day of Resurrection.'" [Narrated by Ahmad, Ibn Majah, and Al-Bayhaqi in Shu'ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ اللهِ إِذَا اشْتَكَى مِنَّا إِنْسَانُ مَسَحَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ، وَاشْفِ أَنْتَ الشَّافِي، لَا شِفَاءَ إِلَّا شِفَاؤُكَ شِفَاءً لَا يُغَادِرُ سَقَمًا». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated: "When someone among us fell ill, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would wipe him with his right hand and say: 'O Lord of the people, remove the harm and cure, for You are the Healer. There is no cure except Your cure, a cure that leaves no illness.'" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا جَاءَ الرَّجُلُ يَعُوْدُ مَرِيضًا فَلْيَقُلْ : اللهُمَّ اشْفِ عَبْدَكَ يَنْكَأُ لَكَ عَدُوًّا أَوْ يَمْشِي لَكَ إِلَى جَنَازَةٍ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When a man visits a sick person, let him say: 'O Allah, heal Your servant so that he may strike Your enemy or walk to a funeral for You.'" [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ إِذَا اشْتَكَى الْإِنْسَانُ الشَّيْءَ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَانَتْ بِهِ قَرْحَةٌ أَوْ جُرْحُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِإِصْبَعِهِ: «بِسْمِ اللهِ تُرْبَةُ أَرْضِنَا بِرِيقَةِ بَعْضِنَا لِيُشْفَى بِهِ سَقِيمُنَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّنَا». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated: "When a person complained of pain or had a sore or wound, the Prophet (ﷺ) would place his finger on it and say: 'In the name of Allah, the dust of our land mixed with the saliva of some of us, so that our sick may be healed by the permission of our Lord.'" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْهَا (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا اشْتَكَى نَفَتَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالْمُعَوَّذَاتِ، وَمَسَحَ عَنْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَلَمَّا اشْتَكَى وَجَعَهُ الَّذِي تُوْفِّيَ فِيْهِ كُنْتُ أَنْفِثُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمُعَوَّذَاتِ الَّتِي كَانَ يَنْفِثُ، وَأَمْسَحُ بِيَدِ النَّبِيَّ . مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ: قَالَتْ: كَانَ إِذَا مَرِضَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ نَفَثَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمُعَوَّذَاتِ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated: "When the Prophet (ﷺ) was ill, he would recite the Mu'awwidhat (chapters of seeking refuge) over himself and wipe his body with his hand. When he was afflicted with the illness that led to his death, I would recite the Mu'awwidhat over him and wipe his body with his hand." [Agreed upon]
In a narration by Muslim, she said: "When someone in his household fell ill, he would recite the Mu'awwidhat over them."
وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّهُ شَكَا إِلَى رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ وَجَعًا يَجِدُهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ : ضَعْ يَدَكَ عَلَى الَّذِي يَأْلَمُ مِنْ جَسَدِكَ، وَقُلْ: بِسْمِ اللهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَقُلْ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ: أَعُوْذُ بِعِزَّةِ اللهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ وَأُحَاذِرُ»، قَالَ: فَفَعَلْتُ فَأَذْهَبَ اللهُ مَا كَانَ بِي. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Uthman ibn Abi Al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he complained to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about pain in his body. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: "Place your hand on the part of your body that hurts and say: 'In the name of Allah' three times, and say seven times: 'I seek refuge in the might and power of Allah from the evil of what I feel and fear.'" He said: "I did so, and Allah removed what I was suffering from." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، اشْتَكَيْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، قَالَ: بِسْمِ اللهِ أَرْقِيكَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ يُؤْذِيْكَ مِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ نَفْسٍ أَوْ عَيْنِ حَاسِدٍ، اللهُ يَشْفِيْكَ بِسْمِ اللهِ أَرْقِيكَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Jibril came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: "O Muhammad, are you ill?" He said: "Yes." Jibril said: "In the name of Allah, I perform ruqyah for you from everything that harms you, from the evil of every soul or envious eye. May Allah heal you. In the name of Allah, I perform ruqyah for you." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُعَوَّذُ الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ: أُعِيذُ كُمَا بِكَلِمَاتِ اللهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ وَهَامَّةٍ، وَمَنْ كُلِّ عَيْنٍ لَامَّةٍ»، وَيَقُوْلُ: «إِنَّ أَبَا كُمَا كَانَ يُعَوِّذُ بِهَا إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would seek refuge for Al-Hasan and Al-Husayn by saying: 'I seek refuge for you both in the perfect words of Allah from every devil and harmful creature, and from every envious eye.' He would say: 'Your father (Ibrahim) used to seek refuge with these words for Ismail and Ishaq.'" [Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَعُوْدُ مُسْلِمًا، فَيَقُوْلُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ: أَسْأَلُ اللهَ الْعَظِيمَ رَبَّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ أَنْ يَشْفِيَكَ، إِلَّا شُفِيَ إِلَّا يَكُوْنُ قَدْ حَضَرَ أَجَلُهُ». رَوَاهُ أَبُوْ دَاوُدَ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "No Muslim visits a sick person and says seven times: 'I ask Allah, the Almighty, the Lord of the Great Throne, to heal you,' except that he is healed, unless his time has come." [Narrated by Abu Dawud and Al-Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ للهِ كَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُمْ مِنَ الْحُمَّى وَمِنْ الْأَوْجَاعِ كُلَّهَا أَنْ يَقُوْلُوْا : بِسْمِ اللهِ الْكَبِيرِ، أَعُوْذُ بِاللهِ الْعَظِيمِ مِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ عِرْقٍ نَعَارٍ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَرِّ النَّارِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) would teach them to say for fever and all pains: "In the name of Allah, the Great, I seek refuge in Allah, the Almighty, from the evil of every pulsating vein and from the heat of the Fire." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ اشْتَكَى مِنْكُمْ شَيْئًا أَوْ اشْتَكَاهُ أَخٌ لَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ: رَبُّنَا اللهُ الَّذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ، تَقَدَّسَ اسْمُكَ، أَمْرُكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، كَمَا رَحْمَتُكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ، فَاجْعَلْ رَحْمَتَكَ فِي الْأَرْضِ اغْفِرْ لَنَا حُوْبَنَا وَخَطَايَانَا، أَنْتَ رَبُّ الطَّيِّبِينَ، أَنْزِلْ رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَحْمَتِكَ وَشِفَاءٌ مِنْ شِفَائِكَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجَعِ فَيَبْرَأُ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Abu Al-Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: "Whoever among you is afflicted with something or his brother is afflicted, let him say: 'Our Lord is Allah, who is in heaven, hallowed be Your name, Your command is in heaven and earth. As Your mercy is in heaven, make Your mercy on earth. Forgive us our sins and our faults. You are the Lord of the good. Send down mercy from Your mercy and healing from Your healing upon this pain, so that he may be cured.'" [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: عَادَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ وَجَعٍ كَانَ بِعَيْنِي. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ وَالطَّبَرَانِي مَرْفُوعًا: ثَلَاثَةُ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ عِيَادَةُ الْعَيْنُ وَالرَّمَدُ وَالضَّرْسُ».
Zaid ibn Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Prophet (ﷺ) visited me 1 for an illness I had in my eye." [Narrated by Ahmad and Abu Dawud] In a narration by Al-Bayhaqi and Al-Tabarani, it is reported: "Three things do not require visiting: the eye, conjunctivitis, and the tooth."
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "He visited me" is understood to be from the non-mandatory Sunnah. The summary is that visiting is not obligatory in these cases, as it is discouraged. This is mentioned in Al-Mirqat.
۱ قوله: عادني إلخ : فإنه محمول على أنه من السنن الغير المؤكدة. وخلاصة الكلام أنه لا يلزم فيها العيادة؛ لأنه منهي عنها. قاله في المرقاة».
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا يُصِبْ مِنْهُ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When Allah wills good for someone, He afflicts him with trials" [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الرَّبَّ - سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى - يَقُولُ: وَعِزَّتِي وَجَلَالِي لَا أُخْرِجُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا أُرِيدُ أَغْفِرُ لَهُ حَتَّى اسْتَوْفَى كُلَّ خَطِيئَةٍ فِي عُنُقِهِ بِسَقَمٍ فِي بَدَنِهِ وَإِقْتَارٍ فِي رِزْقِهِ». رَوَاهُ رَزِينُ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Indeed, the Lord, glorified and exalted be He, says: 'By My might and majesty, I will not take a servant out of this world whom I intend to forgive until I have exacted from him every sin on his neck through illness in his body or restriction in his provision'" [Narrated by Razin]
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ (رضي الله عنه) عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا يُصِيبُ الْمُسْلِمَ مِنْ نَصَبٍ وَلَا وَصَبٍ وَلَا هَمَّ وَلَا حُزْنٍ وَلَا أَذًى وَلَا غَمٌ، حَتَّى الشَّوْكَةِ يُشَاكُهَا إِلَّا كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِنْ خَطَايَاهُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "No fatigue, illness, anxiety, sorrow, harm, or distress befalls a Muslim, even if it be the prick of a thorn, but that Allah expiates some of his sins because of it" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ عَامِرٍ الرَّامِ(رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : ذَكَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ وَ الْأَسْقَامَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا أَصَابَهُ السَّقَمُ ثُمَّ عَافَاهُ اللهُ عَزَّوَجَلَّ مِنْهُ كَانَ كَفَّارَةً لِمَا مَضَى مِنْ ذُنُوْبِهِ، وَمَوْعِظَةً لَهُ فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ، وَإِنَّ الْمُنَافِقَ إِذَا مَرِضَ ثُمَّ أُعْنِي، كَانَ كَالْبَعِيرِ عَقَلَهُ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلُوهُ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ لِمَ عَقَلُوْهُ وَلَمْ يَدْرِ لِمَ أَرْسَلُوْهُ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَمَا الْأَسْقَامُ؟ وَاللَّهِ، مَا مَرِضْتُ قَطُّ فَقَالَ: «قُمْ عَنَّا فَلَسْتَ مِنَّا». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Amir al-Ram (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned illnesses and said: "When a believer is afflicted with an illness and then Allah restores him to health, it serves as an expiation for his past sins and a reminder for him in the future. As for the hypocrite, when he falls ill and then recovers, he is like a camel that its owners tie and then release, and it does not know why it was tied or why it was released." A man said: "O Messenger of Allah, what are illnesses? By Allah, I have never been ill." The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Leave us, for you are not one of us" [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَهُ الْمَوْتُ فِي زَمَنِ رَسُوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : هَنِيئًا لَهُ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يُبْتَلَ بِمَرَضِ فَقَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ : «وَيْحَكَ، مَا يُدْرِيكَ لَوْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ابْتَلَاهُ بِمَرَضٌ فَكَفَّرَ عَنْهُ مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِ». رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ مُرْسَلًا.
Yahya ibn Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that a man died during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and someone said: "How fortunate he is, he died without being afflicted by illness." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Woe to you! How do you know? If Allah had afflicted him with an illness, it might have expiated his sins" [Narrated by Malik as Mursal]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا كَثُرَتْ ذُنُوبُ الْعَبْدِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَا يُكَفِّرُهَا مِنَ الْعَمَلِ ابْتَلَاهُ اللهُ بِالْحُزْنِ؛ لِيُكَفِّرَهَا عَنْهُ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When a servant's sins become numerous and he has no deeds to expiate them, Allah afflicts him with sorrow to expiate them" [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُوْدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُمْ يُوْعَكُ، فَمَسِسْتُهُ بِيَدِي فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّكَ لَتُوْعَكُ وَعْدًا شَدِيدًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَجَلْ، إِنِّي أَوْعَكُ كَمَا يُوْعَكُ رَجُلَانِ مِنْكُمْ». قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ لَكَ أَجْرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: «أَجَلْ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يُصِيبُهُ أَذًى مِنْ مَرَضِ فَمَا سِوَاهُ إِلَّا حَطَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ سَيِّئَاتِهِ كَمَا تَحطُّ الشَّجَرَةُ وَرَقَهَا». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "I visited the Prophet (ﷺ) while he was suffering from a severe fever. I touched him with my hand and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, you are suffering from a severe fever.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Yes, I suffer as much as two of you would suffer.' I said: 'That is because you have a double reward.' He said: 'Yes,' then he said: 'No Muslim is afflicted with any harm, whether it be an illness or anything else, but that Allah will expiate his sins because of it, just as a tree sheds its leaves'" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا دَخَلْتَ عَلَى مَرِيضٍ فَمُرْهُ يَدْعُوْ لَكَ؛ فَإِنَّ دُعَاءَهُ كَدُعَاءِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When you visit a sick person, ask him to pray for you, for his supplication is like the supplication of the angels" [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِعَبْدِهِ الْخَيْرَ عَجَلَ لَهُ الْعُقُوْبَةَ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللهُ بِعَبْدِهِ الشَّرَّ أَمْسَكَ عَنْهُ بِذَنْبِهِ حَتَّى يُوافِيْهِ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When Allah wills good for a servant, He hastens his punishment in this world. And when Allah wills evil for a servant, He withholds his punishment for his sin until he meets Him on the Day of Judgment" [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَلَا أُرِيْكَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ؟ قُلْتُ: بَلَى، قَالَ: هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ السَّوْدَاءُ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي أُصْرَعُ وَإِنِّي أَتَكَشَفُ فَادْعُ اللهَ لِي، فَقَالَ: «إِنْ شِئْتِ صَبَرْتِ وَلَكِ الْجَنَّةُ، وَإِنْ شِئْتِ دَعَوْتُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُعَافِيَكِ، فَقَالَتْ: أَصْبِرُ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي أَتَكَشَفُ فَادْعُ اللَّهَ لِي أَنْ لَا أَتَكَشَّفَ، فَدَعَا لَهَا. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Ata ibn Abi Rabah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "Shall I show you a woman from the people of Paradise?" I said: "Yes." He said: "This black woman came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: 'I suffer from epilepsy and I become exposed, so pray to Allah for me.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'If you wish, you can be patient and you will have Paradise, or if you wish, I will pray to Allah to heal you.' She said: 'I will be patient,' then she said: 'But I become exposed, so pray to Allah that I do not become exposed.' So he prayed for her" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَخِيْرِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ : مُثَّلَ ابْنُ آدَمَ وَإِلَى جَنْبِهِ تِسْعُ وَتِسْعُوْنَ مَنِيَّةٌ ، إِنْ أَخْطَأَتْهُ الْمَنَايَا وَقَعَ فِي الْهَرَمِ حَتَّى يَمُوْتَ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Abdullah ibn Shakheer (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The son of Adam is represented alongside ninety-nine calamities. If the calamities miss him, he will fall into old age until he dies" [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَثَلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ كَمَثَلِ الْخَامَةِ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ تَفِيتُهَا الرِّيَاحُ تَصْرَعُهَا مَرَّةً وَتَعْدِلُهَا أُخْرَى، حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ أَجَلُهُ، وَمَثَلُ الْمُنَافِقِ كَمَثَلِ الْأَرْزَةِ الْمُجْدِيَةِ الَّتِي لَا يُصِيبُهَا شَيْءٌ حَتَّى يَكُوْنَ الْجِعَافُهَا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Ka'b ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The example of a believer is like a tender plant. The wind bends it sometimes and straightens it at other times until its time comes. And the example of a hypocrite is like a sturdy cedar tree that remains firm until it is uprooted all at once" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ عَه : مَثْلِ الْمُؤْمِنُ كَمَثَلِ الزَّرْعِ لَا تَزَالُ الرِّيْحُ تُمِيلُهُ، وَلَا يَزَالُ الْمُؤْمِنُ يُصِيبُهُ الْبَلَاءُ ، وَمَثَلُ الْمُنَافِقِ كَمَثَلِ شَجَرَةِ الْأَرْزِ لَا تَهْتَزُّ حَتَّى تَسْتَحْصِدَ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The example of a believer is like a plant that the wind keeps bending, and the believer continues to face trials. The example of a hypocrite is like a cedar tree that does not shake until it is uprooted" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا الْوَجْعُ عَلَيْهِ أَشَدُّ مِنْ رَسُوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "I have never seen anyone endure pain more severely than the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْهَا (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: مَاتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَ حَاقِنَتِي وَذَاقِنَتِي، فَلَا أَكْرَهُ شِدَّةَ الْمَوْتِ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "The Prophet (ﷺ) passed away between my chest and chin, so I do not dislike the severity of death for anyone after the Prophet (ﷺ)" [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْهَا (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: مَا أَغْبِطُ أَحَدًا بِهَوْنِ مَوْتٍ بَعْدَ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَوْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ . رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "I do not envy anyone for an easy death after what I saw of the severity of the death of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)" [Narrated by Tirmidhi and Nasa'i]
وَعَنْهَا (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ بِالْمَوْتِ وَعِنْدَهُ قَدَحٌ فِيهِ مَاءً وَهُوْ يُدْخِلُ يَدَهُ فِي الْقَدَحِ ، ثُمَّ يَمْسَحُ وَجْهَهُ، ثُمَّ يَقُوْلُ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ أَوْ سَكَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) at the time of his death. He had a cup of water with him, and he dipped his hand into it, wiped his face, and said: 'O Allah, help me through the pangs of death and the agony of death'" [Narrated by Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : إِنَّ عِظَمَ الْجَزَاءِ مَعَ عِظَمِ الْبَلَاءِ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّوَجَلَّ إِذَا أَحَبَّ قَوْمًا ابْتَلَاهُمْ، فَمَنْ رَضِيَ فَلَهُ الرَّضَا، وَمَنْ سَخِطَ فَلَهُ السَّخَطُ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The greatness of the reward is with the greatness of the trial. Indeed, when Allah loves a people, He tests them. Whoever is content, then for him is contentment, and whoever is displeased, then for him is displeasure" [Narrated by Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَزَالُ الْبَلَاءُ بِالْمُؤْمِنِ أَوِ الْمُؤْمِنَةِ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ حَتَّى يَلْقَى اللهَ تَعَالَى، وَمَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَطِيئَةٍ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَرَوَى مَالِكُ نَحْوَهُ. وَقَالَ التَّرْمِذِيُّ: هَذَا حَدِيْثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The believer will continue to be tested in his soul, wealth, and children until he meets Allah without any sin" [Narrated by Tirmidhi, and Malik narrated something similar. Tirmidhi said: This is a good and authentic Hadith]
وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ السُّلَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيْهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا سَبَقَتْ لَهُ مِنَ اللهِ مَنْزِلَةٌ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهَا بِعَمَلِهِ ابْتَلَاهُ اللَّهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ أَوْ فِي مَالِهِ أَوْ فِي وَلَدِهِ، ثُمَّ صَبَرَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يُبْلِغَهُ الْمَنْزِلَةَ الَّتِي سَبَقَتْ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Sulami reported from his father, from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When a servant is destined for a rank by Allah that he cannot attain through his deeds, Allah tests him in his body, wealth, or children, then grants him patience until he reaches the rank destined for him by Allah" [Narrated by Ahmad and Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: يَوَدُّ أَهْلُ الْعَافِيَةِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ حِيْنَ يُعْطَى أَهْلُ الْبَلَاءِ الثَّوَابَ لَوْ أَنَّ جُلُوْدَهُمْ كَانَتْ قُرِضَتْ فِي الدُّنْيَا بِالْمَقَارِيضِ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "On the Day of Judgment, the people of ease will wish, when they see the reward given to those who endured trials, that their skins had been cut with scissors in the world" [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ سَعْدِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَشَدُّ بَلَاءٌ؟ قَالَ: «الْأَنْبِيَاءُ، ثُمَّ الْأَثْمَلُ فَالْأَمْثَلُ، يُبْتَلَى الرَّجُلُ عَلَى حَسَبٍ دِينِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي دِينِهِ صُلْبًا اشْتَدَّ بَلَاؤُهُ، وَإِنْ حَتَّى يَمْشِيَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مَا لَهُ ذَنْبُ. رَوَاهُ كان في دِينِهِ رِقَةٌ قَةٌ هُوْنَ عَلَيْهِ، فَمَا زَالَ كَذَلِكَ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه وَالدَّارِمِيُّ. وَقَالَ التَّرْمِذِيُّ: هَذَا حَدِيْثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ.
Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) was asked: "Which people are tested the most severely?" He said: "The prophets, then the next best, then the next best. A person is tested according to his level of faith. If his faith is strong, his trial is severe, and if his faith is weak, his trial is light. A person will continue to be tested until he walks on the earth without any sin" [Narrated by Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, and Darimi. Tirmidhi said: This is a good and authentic Hadith]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى أُمَّ السَّائِبِ، فَقَالَ: مَا لَكِ تُزَفْزِفِينَ؟ قَالَتْ: الْحُمَّى لَا بَارَكَ اللهُ فِيهَا ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تَسُبّي الْحُمَّى؛ فَإِنَّهَا تُذْهِبُ خَطَايَا بَنِي آدَمَ كَمَا يُذْهِبُ الْكِيْرُ خَبَثَ الْحَدِيدِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) visited Umm al-Sa'ib and said: "Why are you shivering?" She said: "It is the fever. May Allah not bless it." The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not curse the fever, for it removes the sins of the children of Adam just as the bellows remove impurities from iron" [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: ذُكِرَتِ الْحُمَّى عِنْدَ رَسُوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَبَّهَا رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ : لَا تَسُبَّهَا، فَإِنَّهَا تَنْفِي الذُّنُوْبَ كَمَا تَنْفِي النَّارُ خَبَثَ الْحَدِيدِ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that fever was mentioned in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and a man cursed it. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not curse it, for it removes sins just as fire removes impurities from iron" [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أُمَيَّةَ: أَنَّهَا سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّوَجَلَّ: ﴿وَإِن تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُم بِهِ اللهُ}(البقرة : ٢٨٤) وَعَنْ قَوْلِهِ: (مَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ) (النساء: ١٢٣) فَقَالَتْ: مَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْهَا أَحَدٌ مُنْذُ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ، فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ مُعَاتَبَةُ اللهِ الْعَبْدَ بِمَا يُصِيبُهُ مِنَ الْحُمَّى وَالنَّكْبَةِ حَتَّى الْبِضَاعَةُ يَضَعُهَا فِي يَدِ قَمِيصِهِ فَيَفْقِدُهَا فَيَفْزَعُ لَهَا، حَتَّى إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَيَخْرُجُ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَمَا يَخْرُجُ التِّبْرُ الْأَحْمَرُ مِنَ الْكِيرِ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Ali ibn Zayd reported from Umayyah that she asked Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) about the verse: "Whether you show what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allah will bring you to account for it" (Qur'an 2:284) and about the verse: "Whoever does evil will be recompensed for it" (Qur'an 4:123). Aisha said: "No one asked me about this since I asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said: 'This is about the servant being tested with fever, calamity, or even losing a commodity he places in his pocket, until Allah forgives the servant's sins as pure gold is purified in the furnace'" [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُصِيبُ عَبْدًا نَكْبَةً فَمَا فَوْقَهَا أَوْ دُونَهَا إِلَّا بِذَنْبٍ، وَمَا يَعْفُو اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ أَكْثَرُ وَقَرَأَ: ﴿وَمَا أَصَبَكُم مِّن مُّصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُوا عَن كثير} (الشورى : ٣٠). رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "No calamity befalls a servant, whether minor or major, except due to a sin, and what Allah forgives is greater." Then he recited: "Whatever misfortune befalls you is because of what your hands have earned, and He pardons much" (Qur'an 42:30) [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ ثَوْبَانَ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَصَابَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْحُمَّى، فَإِنَّ الْحُمَّى قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ فَلْيُطْفِتْهَا عَنْهُ بِالْمَاءِ، فَلْيَسْتَنْقِعْ نَهْرًا جَارِيًا لِيَسْتَقْبِلَ جِرْيَتَهُ، فَيَقُوْلُ: بِسْمِ اللهِ اللَّهُمَّ اشْفِ عَبْدَكَ، وَصَدِّقُ رَسُوْلَكَ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ، فَلْيَغْتَمِسْ فِيهِ ثَلَاثَ غَمَسَاتٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْرَأُ فِي ثَلَاثٍ فَخَمْسِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْرَأُ فِي خَمْسٍ فَسَبْعٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْرَأُ فِي سَبْعِ فَتِسْع فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَكَادُ تُجَاوِزُ تِسْعًا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّوَجَلَّ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيْثٌ غَرِيبٌ.
Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "If one of you is afflicted with fever, then fever is a piece of the Fire. Let him extinguish it with water by standing in a flowing river, facing the current, and saying: 'In the name of Allah, O Allah, cure Your servant and confirm the truth of Your Messenger.' This should be done after the Fajr prayer before sunrise. He should immerse himself three times for three days. If he is not cured in three days, then five, and if not in five, then seven, and if not in seven, then nine. It rarely exceeds nine days, by the permission of Allah, the Exalted" [Narrated by Tirmidhi, who said: This is a Gharib Hadith]
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا مَرِضَ الْعَبْدُ أَوْ سَافَرَ كُتِبَ لَهُ بِمِثْلِ مَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ مُقِيمًا صَحِيحًا». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When a servant falls ill or travels, he is rewarded for the deeds he used to do while healthy and at home" [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى طَرِيقَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ مِنَ الْعِبَادَةِ، ثُمَّ مَرِضَ قِيلَ لِلْمَلَكِ الْمُوْكَّلِ بِهِ: اكْتُبْ لَهُ مِثْلَ عَمَلِهِ إِذَا كَانَ طَلِيْقًا حَتَّى أُطْلِقَهُ أَوْ أَكْفِتَهُ إِلَيَّ». رَوَاهُ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ».
Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When a servant is engaged in a good act of worship and then falls ill, the angel assigned to him is told: 'Record for him the same deeds he used to do when he was healthy until I release him or take him to Me'" [Narrated in Sharh al-Sunnah]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا ابْتُلِيَ الْمُسْلِمُ بِبَلَاءٍ فِي جَسَدِهِ قِيلَ لِلْمَلَكِ الْمُوْكَّلِ بِهِ : اكْتُبْ لَهُ صَالِحَ عَمَلِهِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَعْمَلُ، فَإِنْ شَفَاهُ غَسَلَهُ وَطَهَّرَهُ، وَإِنْ قَبَضَهُ غَفِرَ لَهُ وَرَحِمَهُ». رَوَاهُ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ».
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When a Muslim is afflicted with a trial in his body, the angel assigned to him is told: 'Record for him the good deeds he used to do. If he recovers, he is cleansed and purified, and if he dies, he is forgiven and shown mercy'" [Narrated in Sharh al-Sunnah]
وَعَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ وَالصُّنَابِحِيِّ (رضي الله عنهما) أَنَّهُمَا دَخَلَا عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَرِيْضٍ يَعُوْدَانِهِ، فَقَالَا لَهُ: كَيْفَ أَصْبَحْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: أَصْبَحْتُ بِنِعْمَةِ اللهِ. قَالَ شَدَّادُ: أَبْشِرْ بِكَفَّارَاتِ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَحَطَّ الخَطَايَا، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّوَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: أَنَا إِذَا ابْتَلَيْتُ عَبْدًا مِنْ عِبَادِي مُؤْمِنًا فَحَمِدَنِي عَلَى مَا ابْتَلَيْتُهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يَقُوْمُ مِنْ مَضْجَعِهِ ذَلِكَ كَيَوْمٍ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ مِنَ الْخَطَايَا، وَيَقُوْلُ الرَّبُّ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: أَنَا قَيِّدْتُ عَبْدِي وَابْتَلَيْتُهُ، فَأَجْرُوا لَهُ مَا كُنْتُمْ تُجْرُوْنَ لَهُ وَهُمْ صَحِيحٌ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Shaddad ibn Aws and al-Sunabihi (may Allah be pleased with them) reported that they visited a sick man and asked him: "How are you feeling?" He replied: "I am feeling well by the grace of Allah." Shaddad said: "Be glad, for your sins are being expiated and your faults are being removed. I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Allah, the Exalted, says: If I afflict a believing servant of Mine and he praises Me for the affliction, he will rise from his bed as sinless as the day his mother gave birth to him. The Lord, Blessed and Exalted, says: I have restrained My servant and tested him, so continue to record for him the deeds you used to record for him when he was healthy'" [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْ شَقِيقٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: مَرِضَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُوْدٍ فَعُدْنَاهُ، فَجَعَلَ يَبْكِيْ فَعُوْتِبَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَا أَبْكِيْ لِأَجْلِ الْمَرَضِ؛ لِأَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: الْمَرَضُ كَفَّارَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا أَبْكِيْ أَنَّهُ أَصَابَنِي عَلَى حَالِ فَتْرَةٍ، وَلَمْ يُصِبْنِي فِي حَالِ اجْتِهَادٍ لِأَنَّهُ يُكْتَبُ لِلْعَبْدِ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ إِذَا مَرِضَ مَا كَانَ يُكْتَبُ لَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمْرَضَ، فَمَنَعَهُ مِنْهُ الْمَرَضُ رَوَاهُ رَزِينُ.
Shaqiq (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) fell ill, and they visited him. He began to cry, and they scolded him. He said: "I am not crying because of the illness, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Illness is an expiation.' I am crying because it has afflicted me during a period of laxity, and not during a period of striving, for a servant is rewarded for the deeds he used to do before falling ill, but the illness prevents him from doing them" [Narrated by Razin]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «الطَّاعُوْنُ شَهَادَةُ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The plague is a martyrdom for every Muslim" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنِ الْعِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَخْتَصِمُ الشُّهَدَاءُ وَالْمُتَوَفَّوْنَ عَلَى فُرُشِهِمْ إِلَى رَبِّنَا عَزَّوَجَلَّ فِي الَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنَ الطَّاعُوْنِ، فَيَقُوْلُ الشُّهَدَاءُ: إِخْوَانُنَا قُتِلُوْا كَمَا قُتِلْنَا، وَيَقُوْلُ الْمُتَوَفَّوْنَ عَلَى فُرُشِهِمْ: إِخْوَانُنَا مَاتُوْا عَلَى فُرُشِهِمْ كَمَا مِتْنَا. فَيَقُوْلُ رَبُّنَا: انْظُرُوا إِلَى جِرَاحِهِمْ، فَإِنْ أَشْبَهَ جِرَاحُهُمْ جِرَاحَ الْمَقْتُوْلِينَ فَإِنَّهُمْ مِنْهُمْ وَمَعَهُمْ، فَإِذَا جِرَاحُهُمْ قَدْ أَشْبَهَتْ جِرَاحَهُمْ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Al-Irbad ibn Sariyah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The martyrs and those who die in their beds will dispute before our Lord, the Exalted, regarding those who die of the plague. The martyrs will say: 'Our brothers were killed as we were killed.' Those who died in their beds will say: 'Our brothers died in their beds as we died.' Then our Lord will say: 'Look at their wounds. If their wounds resemble the wounds of the martyrs, then they are among them and with them.' And indeed, their wounds will resemble theirs" [Narrated by Ahmad and Nasa'i]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «الشُّهَدَاءُ خَمْسَةُ الْمَطْعُونُ وَالْمَبْطُوْنُ وَالْغَرِيقُ وَصَاحِبُ الْهَدِمِ وَالشَّهِيدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The martyrs are five: the one who dies of the plague, the one who dies of a stomach illness, the one who drowns, the one who dies under a collapsed structure, and the one who is martyred in the way of Allah" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ صُرَدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : مَنْ قَتَلَهُ بَطْنُهُ لَمْ يُعَذِّبْ فِي قَبْرِهِ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Sulaiman ibn Surad (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever is killed by his stomach will not be punished in his grave" [Narrated by Ahmad and Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَتِيْكِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «الشَّهَادَةُ سَبْعُ - سِوَى الْقَتْلِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ : الْمَطْعُوْنُ شَهِيدُ، وَالْغَرِيقُ شَهِيدٌ، وَصَاحِبُ ذَاتَ الْجَنبِ شَهِيدٌ، وَالْمَبْطُوْنُ شَهِيدُ، وَصَاحِبُ الْحَرِيقِ شَهِيدٌ، وَالَّذِي يَمُوْتُ تَحْتَ الْهَدِمِ شَهِيدٌ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ تَمُوْتُ بِجُمْعِ شَهِيدٌ. رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Jabir ibn Atik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There are seven types of martyrdom besides being killed in the way of Allah: the one who dies of the plague is a martyr, the one who drowns is a martyr, the one who dies of pleurisy is a martyr, the one who dies of a stomach illness is a martyr, the one who dies in a fire is a martyr, the one who dies under a collapsed structure is a martyr, and the woman who dies in childbirth is a martyr" [Narrated by Malik, Abu Dawud, and Nasa'i]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ : تُوَفِّيَ رَجُلٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَمَّنْ وُلِدَ بِهَا، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ، فَقَالَ: «يَا لَيْتَهُ مَاتَ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْلِدِهِ»، قَالُوا: وَلِمَ ذَاكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا مَاتَ بِغَيْرِ مَوْلِدِهِ قِيسَ لَهُ مِنْ مَوْلِدِهِ إِلَى مُنْقَطَعِ أَثَرِهِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ». رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that a man who was born in Madinah died there, and the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed over him and said: "I wish he had died somewhere other than his birthplace." They asked: "Why is that, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "When a person dies away from his birthplace, a distance equal to the span from his birthplace to the farthest point of his footsteps is measured for him in Paradise" [Narrated by Nasa'i and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ : «مَوْتُ غُرْبَةٍ شَهَادَةٌ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Dying away from home is a martyrdom" [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كُنَّا نَتَحَدَّثُ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، فَقَالَ لَنَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ: لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَخْفَوْا عَنِّي؛ فَإِنَّ هَذَا الطَّاعُوْنَ قَدْ وَقَعَ فِي أَهْلِي، فَمَنْ شَاءَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَتَنَزَّهَ فَلْيَتَنَزَّهُ، وَاحْذَرُوا اثْنَيْنِ أَنْ يَقُوْلُ قَائِلُ: خَرَجَ خَارِجُ فَسَلِمَ، وَجَلَسَ جَالِسٌ فَأُصِيْبَ، لَوْ كُنْتُ خَرَجَتُ لَسَلِمْتُ كَمَا سَلِمَ الْفُلَانُ، أَوْ يَقُوْلُ قَائِلٌ: لَوْ كُنْتُ جَلَسْتُ لَأُصِبْتُ كَمَا أُصِيْبَ الْفُلَانُ، وَإِنِّي سَأُحَدِّثُكُمْ مَا يَنْبَغِي لِلنَّاسِ فِي الطَّاعُوْنِ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ وَإِنَّ الطَّاعُوْنَ قَدْ وَقَعَ بِالشَّامِ، وَإِنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا أَتَاكَ مُمْسِيًا لَا تُصْبِحْ حَتَّى تَرْكَبَ إِلَيَّ، فَقَدْ عَرَضَتْ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةٌ لَا غِنَى لِيْ عَنْكَ فِيْهَا.
فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ أَبُوْ عُبَيْدَةَ الْكِتَابَ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَبْقِيَ مَنْ لَيْسَ بِبَاقٍ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: إِنِّي فِي جُنْدِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى فَرَرْتُ مِنَ الْمَنَاةِ وَالسَّيْرِ لَنْ أَرْغَبَ بِنَفْسِي عَنْهُمْ، وَقَدْ عَرَفْنَا حَاجَةَ أَمَيْرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَحَلَّلَنِي مِنْ عَزْمَتِكَ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ عُمَرَ الْكِتَابُ بَكَى، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: تُوفِّيَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، قَالَ: لَا ، وَكَانَ قَدْ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ أَنَّ الْأُرْدُنَّ أَرْضُ عَمِقَةٍ وَأَنَّ الْجَابِيَةَ أَرْضُ نُزْهَةٍ فَانْهَضْ۱ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى الْجَابِيَةِ، فَقَالَ لِي أَبُوْ عُبَيْدَةَ: انْطَلِقُ فَبَوِّئِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَنْزِلَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ، قَالَ: فَذَهَبَ لِيَرْكَبَ، وَقَالَ لِي: رَحْلِ النَّاسَ، قَالَ: فَأَخَذَهُ أَخْذَةً فَطُعِنَ، فَمَاتَ وَانْكَشَفَ الطَّاعُوْنُ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِابْنِ عَسَاكِرَ : وَكَانَ قَدْ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَر أَنَّ الْأُرْدُنَّ أَرْضُ وَبِضَةٌ عَمِقَةٌ، وَأَنَّ الْجَابِيَةَ أَرْضُ نُزْهَةٍ، فَاظْهَرْ بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ إِلَيْهَا. قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ حِيْنَ قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ: أَمَّا هَذَا فَنَسْمَعُ فِيْهِ أَمْرَ أَمَيْرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَنُطِيْعُهُ ، فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَرْكَبَ وَأُبَوِّئَ النَّاسَ مَنَازِلَهُمْ، فَطُعِنَتِ امْرَأَتِي، فَجِئْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ، فَانْطَلَقَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ يُبَرِّئُ النَّاسَ مَنَازِلَهُمْ فَطُعِنَ، فَتُوْفِّيَ وَانْكَشَفَ الطَّاعُوْنُ.
وَرَوَى سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي جَامِعِهِ نَحْوَ ابْنِ عَسَاكِرَ أَخْصَرَ مِنْهُ.
وَقَالَ صَاحِبُ الدُّرِّ الْمُخْتَارِ فِي مَسَائِل شَتَّى مِنْهُ: وَإِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْ بَلْدَةٍ بِهَا الطَّاعُوْنُ فَإِنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرِ اللهِ تَعَالَى فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَخْرُجَ وَيَدْخُلَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ أَنَّهُ لَوْ خَرَجَ نَجَا وَلَوْ دَخَلَ ابْتُلِيَ بِهِ كُرِهَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَلَا يَدْخُلُ وَلَا يَخْرُجُ صِيَانَةً لِاعْتِقَادِهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ حَمْلُ النَّهْيِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الشَّرِيفِ.
Tariq ibn Shihab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "We were conversing with Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) when one day he said to us: 'Do not feel obliged to hide anything from me, for the plague has struck my family. Whoever among you wishes to avoid it may do so, but beware of two things: Do not let anyone say, "Someone left and was saved, while someone stayed and was afflicted. If I had left, I would have been saved like so-and-so," or "If I had stayed, I would have been afflicted like so-and-so." I will tell you what people should do regarding the plague. I was with Abu Ubaidah (may Allah be pleased with him) when the plague struck Syria. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to him: "If this letter reaches you in the evening, do not wait until morning; ride to me immediately, for I have a need for you that I cannot do without." When Abu Ubaidah read the letter, he said: "The Commander of the Faithful wants to save someone who is not destined to live." He wrote back to Umar: "I am among a group of Muslims, and I will not flee from death or destiny. I will not prioritize myself over them. I understand the need of the Commander of the Faithful, so release me from your command." When Umar received the letter, he wept. Someone said to him: "Has Abu Ubaidah died?" He said: "No." Umar had written to him: "The Jordan Valley is a deep and unhealthy land, while al-Jabiyah is a pleasant land. Move the Muslims to al-Jabiyah." 1 Abu Ubaidah said to me: "Go and prepare a place for the Muslims." I said: "I cannot." He then went to ride and said to me: "Prepare the people's mounts." He was struck by the plague and died, and the plague subsided" [Narrated by al-Tahawi]
In a version by Ibn Asakir: "Umar had written to him: 'The Jordan Valley is a deep and unhealthy land, while al-Jabiyah is a pleasant land. Move the Muhajireen there.' When Abu Ubaidah read the letter, he said: 'We hear and obey the command of the Commander of the Faithful.' He ordered me to ride and prepare places for the people. My wife was struck by the plague, so I went to Abu Ubaidah. He went to prepare places for the people but was struck by the plague and died, and the plague subsided."
Sufyan ibn Uyaynah narrated a similar but shorter version in his collection.
The author of al-Durr al-Mukhtar said in various issues: "If someone leaves a town afflicted by the plague, knowing that everything is by the decree of Allah, there is no harm in leaving or entering. However, if he believes that leaving will save him and entering will afflict him, it is disliked for him to do so. He should neither enter nor leave to protect his belief. This is the understanding of the prohibition in the noble Hadith."
The author of al-Durr al-Mukhtar said in various issues: "If someone leaves a town afflicted by the plague, knowing that everything is by the decree of Allah, there is no harm in leaving or entering. However, if he believes that leaving will save him and entering will afflict him, it is disliked for him to do so. He should neither enter nor leave to protect his belief. This is the understanding of the prohibition in the noble Hadith."
The author of al-Ashbah wa al-Naza'ir said: "In al-Bazzaziyyah: If the earth shakes and someone is in their home, it is recommended for them to flee to the open land, based on Allah's saying: 'And do not throw yourselves into destruction' (Qur'an 2:195). It is said: Fleeing from what one cannot bear is from the practices of the prophets." This indicates the permissibility of fleeing from the plague if it strikes a town.
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "Move the Muslims…" in Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar: "Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) commanded the people to leave the plague, and the companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) agreed with him. Abdur Rahman ibn Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from the Prophet (ﷺ) something that supports this view."
۱ قوله: فانهض وفي شرح معاني الآثار»: فهذا عمر الله قد أمر الناس أن يخرجوا من الطاعون، ووافقه على ذلك أصحاب رسول الله ﷺ ، وروى عبد الرحمن بن عوف عن النبي الله ما يوافق ما ذهب إليه من ذلك انتهى.
وقال صاحب الدر المختار» في مسائل شتى منه وإذا خرج من بلدة بها الطاعون، فإن علم أن كل شيء بقدر الله تعالى فلا بأس بأن يخرج ويدخل. وإن كان عنده أنه لو خرج نجا ولو دخل ابتلى به كره له ذلك، فلا يدخل ولا يخرج؛ صيانة لاعتقاده. وعليه حمل النهي في الحديث الشريف. مجمع الفتاوى انتهى.
وقال في «الأشباه والنظائر»: وفي «البزازية»: إذا تزلزلت الأرض وهو وفي بيته يستحب له الفرار إلى الصحراء؛ لقوله تعالى: ﴿وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ) (البقرة: ۱۹۵ وفيه: قيل : الفرار مما لا يُطاق من سُنَن المرسلين انتهى. ويفيد جواز الفرار من الطاعون إذا نزل ببلدة، انتهى قول الأشباه والنظائر».
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ، إِنَّا كُنَّا فِي دَارٍ كَثُرَ فِيْهَا عَدَدُنَا وَأَمْوَالُنَا فَتَحَوَّلْنَا إِلَى دَارٍ قَلَّ فِيْهَا عَدَدُنَا وَأَمْوَالُنَا، فَقَالَ : ذَرُوهَا ذَمِيْمَةٌ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that a man said: "O Messenger of Allah, we were in a land where our numbers and wealth increased, but we moved to a land where our numbers and wealth decreased." The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Leave it; it is wretched" [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُخَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ فَرْوَةَ بْنَ مُسَيْكٍ يَقُولُ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ، عِنْدَنَا أَرْضُ يُقَالُ لَهَا : أَبْيَنَ هِيَ أَرْضُ رِيفِنَا وَمِيرَتِنَا، وَإِنَّ وَبَاءَهَا شَدِيدٌ، فَقَالَ: «دَعْهَا۱ عَنْكَ، فَإِنَّ مِنَ الْقَرَفِ التَّلَفَ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Yahya ibn Abdullah ibn Bukhayr reported that someone informed him that Farwah ibn Musayk (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, we have a land called Abyan, which is our farmland and source of livelihood, but its epidemic is severe.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Leave it, 1 for destruction comes from mixing with filth'" [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "Leave it" is similar to "Leave it; it is wretched." Ali al-Qari (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "This is not about contagion but about health. Good air is one of the greatest aids to physical health, and bad air is one of the quickest causes of illness."
۱ قوله: دعها عنك: مثله ذروها ذميمة. قال علي القاري رحمه الله الباري: ليس هذا من باب العدوى، وإنما هو من باب الطب؛ فإن استصلاح الأهواء من أعون الأشياء على صحة الأبدان وفساد الهواء من أسرع الأشياء إلى الأسقام.
وَعَنْ أَسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الطَّاعُوْنُ رِجْزُ أُرْسِلَ عَلَى طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَوْ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، فَإِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِهِ بِأَرْضِ فَلَا تَقْدَمُوا٢ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضِ وَأَنْتُمْ بِهَا فَلَا تَخْرُجُوا فِرَارًا مِنْهُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The plague is a punishment that was sent upon a group of the Children of Israel or upon those before you. If you hear of it in a land, do not enter it, 2 and if it occurs in a land where you are, do not flee from it" [Agreed upon]
Al-Tahawi said in Mushkil al-Athar: "The interpretation of this Hadith is that if someone believes that entering will cause them to be afflicted and fleeing will save them, they should neither enter nor flee to protect their belief. However, if they know that everything is by the decree of Allah and that nothing will afflict them except what Allah has written, there is no harm in entering or leaving."
Notes / الحواشي
2 The statement: "Do not enter it, etc.": Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said in Sharh Muslim: "These Hadiths prohibit entering a land afflicted by the plague and fleeing from it out of fear. However, leaving for a valid reason is permissible. This is the view of our school and the majority of scholars. Al-Qadi said: 'This is the opinion of most scholars.' He added: 'Even Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Fleeing from it is like fleeing from battle.' Some scholars, however, permitted entering a plague-stricken land and fleeing from it. [Narrated from Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), who regretted returning from Sargh. It was also narrated from Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, Masruq, and al-Aswad ibn Hilal that they fled from the plague. Amr ibn al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'Flee from this punishment to the valleys and mountain tops.' Muadh (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: 'Rather, it is a martyrdom and mercy.' These scholars interpreted the prohibition as not being due to fear of what is not decreed but to avoid causing confusion among people, lest they think that the death of those who entered was due to their entering and the safety of those who fled was due to their fleeing. They said: 'This is similar to the prohibition of superstition and sitting near a leper.' It was narrated from Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him): 'The plague is a trial for both the one who stays and the one who flees. The one who flees says: "I fled and was saved," and the one who stays says: "I stayed and died." In reality, the one who flees is saved because their time has not come, and the one who stays dies because their time has come.'"
٢ قوله : فلا تقدموا عليه إلخ : قال الشيخ النووي في شرح مسلم»: وفي هذه الأحاديث منع القدوم على بلد الطاعون ومنع الخروج منه فرارا من ذلك. أما الخروج لعارض فلا بأس به، وهذا الذي ذكرناه هو مذهبنا ومذهب الجمهور قال القاضي: هو قول الأكثرين، قال: حتى قالت عائشة: الفرار منه كالفرار من الزحف، قال: ومنهم من جوز القدوم عليه، والخروج منه فرارا. قال: وروى هذا عن عمر بن الخطاب، وأنه ندم على رجوعه من سرغ. وعن أبي موسى الأشعري ومسروق والأسود بن هلال أنهم فروا من الطاعون. وقال عمرو بن العاص: فروا عن هذا الرجز في الشعاب والأودية ورؤوس الجبال، فقال معاذ بل هو شهادة ورحمة. ويتأوّل هؤلاء النهي على أنه لم ينه عن الدخول عليه والخروج منه مخافة أن يصيبه غير المقدر، لكن مخافة الفتنة على الناس؛ لئلا يظنوا أن هلاك القادم إنما حصل بقدومه، وسلامة الفار إنما كانت بفراره. قالوا: وهو من نحو النهي عن الطيرة والقرب من المجذوم. وقد جاء عن ابن مسعود قال: الطاعون فتنة على المقيم والفار.
أما الفار فيقول: فررت نجوت وأما المقيم فيقول: أقمت فمت. وإنما فرّ من لم يأت أجله، وأقام من حضر أجله انتهى. وذكر الطحاوي في مشكل الآثار»: هذا الحديث فقال: تأويله أنه إذا كان بحال لو دخل وابتلي به وقع عنده أنه ابتلى بدخوله، ولو خرج ونجا وقع عنده أنه نجا بخروجه، فلا يدخل ولا يخرج؛ صيانة لاعتقاده. فأما إذا كان يعلم أن كل شيء بقدر الله، وأنه لا يصيبه إلا ما كتبه الله، فلا بأس بأن يدخل ويخرج. كذا في الظهيرية». قاله في العالمكيرية».
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُوْلَ لِلَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الطَّاعُوْنِ فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ عَذَابٌ يَبْعَثُهُ اللهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ، وَإِنَّ اللهَ جَعَلَهُ رَحْمَةٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَيْسَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَقَعُ الطَّاعُوْنُ فَيَمْكُثُ فِي بَلَدِهِ صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُصِيبَهُ إِلَّا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ، إِلَّا كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ شَهِيْدٍ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated: I asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about the plague, and he informed me that it is a punishment that Allah sends upon whom He wills, but Allah has made it a mercy for the believers. There is no one who stays in his land during the outbreak of the plague, remaining patient and hopeful, knowing that nothing will befall him except what Allah has decreed for him, except that he will receive the reward of a martyr [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الفَّارُ مِنَ الطَّاعُوْنِ كَالفَّارٌ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ، وَالصَّابِرُ فِيْهِ لَهُ أَجْرُ شَهِيْدٍ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The one who flees from the plague is like the one who flees from battle, and the one who remains patient during it will have the reward of a martyr" [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «قَالَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: إِذَا ابْتَلَيْتُ عَبْدِي بِحَبِيبَتَيْهِ، ثُمَّ صَبَرَ عَوَّضْتُهُ مِنْهُمَا الْجَنَّةَ»، يُرِيدُ عَيْنَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) say: "Allah, the Exalted, says: 'If I afflict My servant with the loss of his two beloved ones (meaning his eyes), and he remains patient, I will compensate him with Paradise'" [Narrated by Bukhari]