فَصْلٌ فِي صِفَةِ صَلَاةِ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِThe Description of the Rain Prayer
1 The response to the hadiths mentioning prayer is that the Prophet (ﷺ) performed it on one occasion and omitted it on another. This does not indicate that it is a Sunnah but rather that it is permissible. Therefore, Abu Hanifah did not say, "The prayer is not prescribed," but rather, "It is not a Sunnah." This is mentioned by Al-‘Allamah Al-‘Ayni in ‘Umdat al-Qari.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالنَّاسِ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى يَسْتَسْقِي، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، جَهَرَ فِيْهِمَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، وَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ يَدْعُوْ، وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ وَحَوَّلَ رِدَاءَهُ حِيْنَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abdullah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out with the people to the prayer ground to pray for rain. He led them in two rak’ahs, reciting aloud in them, faced the qiblah, supplicated, raised his hands, and turned his cloak when he faced the qiblah." [Agreed upon]
Notes / الحواشي
۱ قوله: فصل: والجواب عن هذه الأحاديث التي فيها الصلاة أنه الله فعلها مرَّةً وتركها أخرى، وذا لا يدل على السنية، وإنما يدل على الجواز. فلذا أبو حنيفة لم يقل: «إن الصلاة فيه غير مشروعة، بل يقول: «إنها ليست بسنة» كذا قال العلامة العيني في عمدة القاري».
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ سَمِعَ عِبَادَ بْنَ تَمِيمٍ عَنْ عَمِّهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى يَسْتَسْقِي وَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَقَلَّبَ رِدَاءَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr reported that he heard Abbad ibn Tamim narrate from his uncle (may Allah be pleased with him): "The Prophet (ﷺ) went out to the prayer ground to pray for rain, faced the qiblah, prayed two rak’ahs, and turned his cloak." [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: شَكَا النَّاسُ إِلَى رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ قُحُوْطَ الْمَطَرِ فَأَمَرَ بِمِنْبَرٍ، فَوُضِعَ لَهُ فِي الْمُصَلَّى وَوَعَدَ النَّاسَ يَوْمًا يَخْرُجُوْنَ فِيهِ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَخَرَجَ رَسُوْلُ الله ﷺ حِيْنَ بَدَا حَاجِبُ الشَّمْسِ، فَقَعَدَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَكَبَّرَ وَحَمِدَ اللهَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّكُمْ شَكَوْتُمْ جَدْبَ دِيَارِكُمْ، وَاسْتِثْخَارَ الْمَطَرِ عَنْ إِيَّانِ زَمَانِهِ عَنْكُمْ، وَقَدْ أَمَرَكُمْ٢ اللهُ أَنْ تَدْعُوهُ وَوَعَدَكُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَجِيبَ لَكُمْ».
ثُمَّ قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالِمِينَ، الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، مَالِكِ يَوْمَ الدِّينُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ اللهُمَّ أَنْتَ اللهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ الْغَنِيُّ وَنَحْنُ الْفُقَرَاءُ، أُنْزِلْ عَلَيْنَا الْغَيْثَ، وَاجْعَلْ مَا أَنْزَلْتَ لَنَا قُوْةً وَبَلَاغًا إِلَى حِينٍ». ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ فِي الرَّفْعِ حَتَّى بَدَا بَيَاضُ إِبْطَيْهِ، ثُمَّ حَوَّلَ إِلَى النَّاسِ ظَهْرَهُ، وَقَلَبَ وَحَوَّلَ رِدَاءَهُ وَهُمْ رَافِعُ يَدَيْهِ.
ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَنَزَلَ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَأَنْشَأَ اللهُ سَحَابَةً، فَرَعَدَتْ وَبَرَقَتْ، ثُمَّ أَمْطَرَتْ بِإِذْنِ اللهِ، فَلَمْ يَأْتِ مَسْجِدَهُ حَتَّى سَالَتِ السُّيُولُ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى سُرْعَتَهُمْ إِلَى الْكِنَّ ضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ اللهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، وَأَنِّي عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُوْلُهُ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
وَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ ابْنُ الْهُمَامِ: حَدِيْثُ غَرِيبٌ وَإِسْنَادُ جَيِّدٌ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated: "People complained to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about the lack of rain. He ordered a pulpit to be set up for him at the prayer ground and appointed a day for the people to gather. Aisha said, 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out when the sun’s edge appeared, sat on the pulpit, said the takbir, praised Allah, and then said, "You have complained of drought in your lands and the delay of rain beyond its usual time. Allah has commanded you 2 to supplicate to Him and has promised to respond to you."
Then he said, "All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Most Merciful, the Especially Merciful, the Master of the Day of Judgment. There is no god but Allah, who does what He wills. O Allah, You are Allah; there is no god but You. You are the Rich, and we are the poor. Send down rain upon us and make what You send down a strength and provision for us until a time." He raised his hands and kept them raised until the whiteness of his armpits became visible. Then he turned his back to the people and turned his cloak while they raised their hands.
He then faced the people, descended, and prayed two rak’ahs. Allah created a cloud that thundered and flashed with lightning, then it rained by Allah’s permission. Before he reached the mosque, the valleys were flowing with water. When he saw how quickly they ran for shelter, he smiled until his molars became visible and said, "I bear witness that Allah has power over all things, and I am His servant and Messenger."'" [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
Shaykh Ibn al-Humam said: "It is a Gharib Hadith with a Hasan chain."
Notes / الحواشي
2 The statement: "Allah has commanded you." Shaykh Ibn al-Humam said: "This speech is what is meant by the sermon, as some have said. Perhaps Imam Ahmad considered it Gharib or Mudtarib, as the sermon is mentioned before the prayer in the earlier narration of Abu Hurairah and after it in others." In Tabi’ al-Athar, it is said: "What is narrated about the sermon is metaphorically interpreted as supplication and remembrance."
٢ قوله: وقد أمركم: قال الشيخ ابن الهمام الخ: وذلك الكلام هو المراد بالخطبة كما قاله بعضهم. ولعل الإمام أحمد أعله بهذه الغرابة، أو بالاضطراب؛ فإن الخطبة فيه مذكورة قبل الصلاة فيما تقدم من حديث أبي هريرة بعدها وكذا في غيره انتهى. وفي تابع الآثار» وما روى من الخطبة يحمل على الدعاء والذكر مجازا.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى فَاسْتَسْقَى وَحَوَّلَ رِدَاءَهُ حِيْنَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ، فَجَعَلَ عِطَافَهُ الْأَيْمَنَ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ الْأَيْسَرِ وَجَعَلَ عِطَافَهُ الْأَيْسَرَ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ الْأَيْمَنِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا اللهَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Abdullah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out to the prayer ground to pray for rain. He turned his cloak when he faced the qiblah, placing the right side over his left shoulder and the left side over his right shoulder, then supplicated to Allah." [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اسْتَسْقَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَلَيْهِ خَمِيصَةٌ لَهُ سَوْدَاءُ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِأَسْفَلِهَا، فَلَمَّا ثَقُلَتْ قَلَبَهَا عَلَى عَائِقَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Abdullah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed for rain while wearing a black cloak. He wanted to hold its lower edge, but when it became heavy, he flipped it over his shoulders." [Narrated by Ahmad and Abu Dawud]