فَصْلٌ فِي عِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ التَّرَاوِيحِThe Twenty Rak‘ahs of Tarawih
1 The statement "Section" refers to the fact that performing twenty rak'ahs in Taraweeh is a highly recommended Sunnah, as it was consistently practiced by the rightly guided caliphs. It has been established that following the Sunnah of the caliphs is obligatory, and abandoning it is sinful. The narrations in this section support this.
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي رَمَضَانَ بِعِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً فِي غَيْرِ جَمَاعَةٍ وَالْوِتْرِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَالْبَغَوِيُّ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، وَفِيهِ ضُعْفٌ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Prophet (ﷺ) used to pray twenty rak'ahs in Ramadan individually, excluding Witr." [Narrated by Bayhaqi, Tabarani, Ibn Abi Shaybah, Al-Baghawi, and Abd ibn Humayd, though the chain has some weakness]
وَعَنْ يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُوْمَانَ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّاسُ يُقِيمُوْنَ فِي زَمَنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَابِ (رضي الله عنه) بِثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ رَكْعَة. رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ، وَقَالَ فِي آثَارِ السُّنَنِ»: إِسْنَادُهُ مُرْسَلٌ قَوِيٌّ.
Yazid ibn Ruman reported: "During the time of Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), people used to pray twenty-three rak'ahs (including Witr)." [Narrated by Malik]
In Athar As-Sunan, it is said: "Its chain is mursal but strong."
وَعَنْ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّهُ جَمَعَ النَّاسَ عَلَى أُبَيُّ بْن كَعْبٍ، وَكَانَ يُصَلِّي بِهِمْ عِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who gathered the people behind Ubayy ibn Ka'b, and he would lead them in twenty rak'ahs. [Narrated by Bayhaqi and Ibn Abi Shaybah]
وَعَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: كُنَّا۱ نَقُوْمُ فِي عَهْدِ عُمَرَ بِعِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً وَالْوِتْرِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي الْمَعْرَفَةِ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الصَّحِيحِ. قَالَ النَّوَوِيُّ فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ»: إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِلْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَعَلَى عَهْدِ عُثْمَانَ وَعَلِيَّ مِثْلَهُ.
As-Sa'ib ibn Yazid reported: "We used to pray 1 twenty rak'ahs (excluding Witr) during the time of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)." [Narrated by Bayhaqi in Al-Ma'rifah with a Sahih chain]
Imam Nawawi said in Al-Khulasa: "Its chain is authentic."
In another narration by Bayhaqi: "And during the time of Uthman and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them), it was the same."
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement "We used to pray" is understood to mean that the companions' actions and commands were based on the teachings of Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ). This is because the companions only narrated such practices to establish a ruling, permissibility, prohibition, or a legal judgment, indicating its legitimacy. Scholars have differed on the implications of such phrases, but the stronger view is that they are considered marfu' (attributed to the Prophet) due to the reasons mentioned. This was stated by Al-Allamah Al-Ayni.
۱ قوله: كنا نقوم إلخ : وقد علم أن قول الصحابي: كنا نفعل وأمرنا ونهينا محمول على أنه أمر الله ولرسوله، ونهي من الله ورسوله؛ لأن الصحابي إنما يقصد الاحتجاج به لإثبات شرع، وتحليل وتحريم، وحكم يوجب كونه مشروعا، وقد اختلفوا في هذه الصيغ. والراجح أن حكمها الرفع لما ذكرنا. قاله العلامة العيني.
وَعَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ عَلِيٍّ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَؤُمُّهُمْ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَيُصَلِّي خَمْسَ تَرْوِيحَاتٍ رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ.
Shubrumah, who was among the companions of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). He used to lead them in Ramadan, praying five Tarwihahs (sets of prayers). [Narrated by Bayhaqi]
وَعَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِي أَنَّ عَلِيًّا (رضي الله عنه) دَعَا الْقُرَّاءَ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَأَمَرَ رَجُلًا بِأَنْ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ عِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً، وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ يُؤْتِرُ بِهِمْ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ.
Abu Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami reported: "Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) called the reciters during Ramadan and ordered a man to lead the people in twenty rak'ahs. Ali would lead them in Witr." [Narrated by Bayhaqi]
Notes / الحواشي
2 The statement "Section" refers to the night prayer on the 15th of Sha'ban.
۲ قوله: فصل: فيه قيام ليلة النصف من شعبان.