قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: ﴿وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنْبِكَ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ﴾ وَقَالَ (محمد: ۱۹ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِمَنْ دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ مُؤْمِنًا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ) (نوح ۲۸
Allah Almighty said: "And ask forgiveness for your sin and for the believing men and believing women." (Quran 47:19) And He said: "My Lord, forgive me and my parents and whoever enters my house a believer and the believing men and believing women." (Quran 71:28)
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدْعُوْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ يَقُولُ: «اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَأَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ، وَأَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَفِتْنَةِ الْمَمَاتِ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْمَأْثَمِ وَمِنَ الْمَغْرَمِ». فَقَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ: مَا أَكْثَرَ مَا تَسْتَعِيدُ مِنَ الْمَغْرَمِ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا غَرِمَ حَدَّثَ فَكَذَبَ وَوَعَدَ فَأَخْلَفَ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to supplicate in prayer, saying: "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, and I seek refuge in You from the trial of the False Messiah, and I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from sin and debt." Someone said to him, "Why do you so frequently seek refuge from debt?" He replied, "When a person is in debt, he speaks and lies, and he makes a promise and breaks it." [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا فَرَغَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنَ التَّشَهُدِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيَتَعَوَّذُ بِاللهِ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَمِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "When one of you finishes the final Tashahhud, let him seek refuge in Allah from four things: from the punishment of Hell, from the punishment of the grave, from the trials of life and death, and from the evil of the False Messiah." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُمْ هَذَا الدُّعَاءَ كَمَا يُعَلِّمُهُمُ السُّورَةَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، يَقُولُ: «قُوْلُوْا: اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَأَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَأَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ، وَأَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to teach them this supplication just as he taught them a chapter of the Quran. He would say: "Say: O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hell, and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, and I seek refuge in You from the trial of the False Messiah, and I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ الصِّدِّيقِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، عَلِّمْنِي دُعَاءً أَدْعُوْ بِهِ في صَلَاتِي، قَالَ: «قُلْ : اللهُمَّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي ظُلْمًا كَثِيرًا، وَلَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، فَاغْفِرْ لِي مَغْفِرَةٌ مِنْ عِنْدَكَ وَارْحَمْنِي، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُوْرُ الرَّحِيمُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I said, "O Messenger of Allah, teach me a supplication to say in my prayer." He said: "Say: O Allah, I have wronged myself greatly, and no one forgives sins except You, so forgive me with forgiveness from You and have mercy on me. Indeed, You are the Forgiving, the Merciful." [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: أَخَذَ بِيَدِي رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّكَ يَا مُعَادُ، فَقُلْتُ: وَأَنَا أُحِبُّكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قَالَ: «فَلَا تَدَعْ أَنْ تَقُوْلَ فِي دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ: رَبِّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى ذِكْرِكَ وَشُكْرِكَ وَحُسْنِ عِبَادَتِكَ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَبَا دَاوُدَ لَمْ يَذْكُرُ: «قَالَ مُعَادٌ: وَأَنَا أُحِبُّكَ».
Mu'adh ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took his hand and said: "O Mu'adh, I truly love you." I said, "And I love you, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Do not forget to say after every prayer: O Lord, help me to remember You, to thank You, and to worship You in the best manner." [Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and Al-Nasa’i, except Abu Dawud did not mention: "Mu'adh said, 'And I love you.'"]
وَعَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ: «اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الثَّبَاتَ فِي الْأَمْرِ وَالْعَزِيمَةَ عَلَى الرُّشْدِ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ شُكُرَ نِعْمَتِكَ وَحُسْنَ عِبَادَتِكَ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ قَلْبًا سَلِيمًا وَلِسَانًا صَادِقًا، وَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ مَا تَعْلَمُ، وَأَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا تَعْلَمُ، وَأَسْتَغْفِرُكَ لِمَا تَعْلَمُ. رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ، وَرَوَى أَحْمَدُ نَحْوَهُ.
Shaddad ibn Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to say in his prayer: "O Allah, I ask You for steadfastness in faith, determination in guidance, gratitude for Your blessings, and excellence in worship. I ask You for a sound heart and a truthful tongue. I ask You for the best of what You know, and I seek refuge in You from the worst of what You know. I seek Your forgiveness for what You know." [Narrated by Al-Nasa’i, and Ahmad narrated something similar]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ بَعْدَ التَّشَهُدِ: أَحْسَنُ الْكَلَامِ كَلَامُ اللهِ، وَأَحْسَنُ الْهَدْيِ هَدْيُ مُحَمَّدٍ». رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to say in his prayer after Tashahhud: "The best of speech is the speech of Allah, and the best of guidance is the guidance of Muhammad." [Narrated by Al-Nasa’i]
وَعَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَرَى رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يُسَلِّمُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ حَتَّى أَرَى بَيَاضَ خَدِّهِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Amir ibn Sa'd, from his father (may Allah be pleased with him), reported: "I used to see the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) turning to his right and left when saying the Salam until I could see the whiteness of his cheeks." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُوْدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ، حَتَّى يُرَى بَيَاضُ خَدِّهِ الْأَيْمَنِ، وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ، حَتَّى يُرَى بَيَاضُ خَدِّهِ الْأَيْسَرِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ التَّرْمِذِيُّ حَتَّى يُرَى بَيَاضُ خَدِّهِ». وَرَوَاهُ ابْنِ مَاجَهِ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ .
قَالَ التَّرْمِذِيُّ: وَأَصَحُ الرِوَايَاتِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَسْلِيمَتَانِ، وَعَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَالتَّابِعِينَ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ انْتَهَى
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to turn to his right and say, 'Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah,' until the whiteness of his right cheek could be seen, and to his left, 'Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah,' until the whiteness of his left cheek could be seen." [Narrated by Abu Dawud, Al-Nasa’i, and Al-Tirmidhi, though Al-Tirmidhi did not mention, "until the whiteness of his cheek could be seen."]
Ibn Majah also narrated it from Ammar ibn Yasir. Al-Tirmidhi said: "The most authentic narrations from the Prophet (peace be upon him) are two Salam, and this is the view of the majority of the scholars among the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the Tabi'in, and those after them."
وَعَنْ سَمُرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَرُدَّ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ وَنَتَحَابَّ وَأَنْ يُسَلِّمَ بَعْضُنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْبَزَّارِ: وَأَنْ نُسَلَّمَ عَلَى أَئِمَّتِنَا، وَأَنْ يُسَلَّمَ بَعْضُنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ».
Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded us to respond to the Imam, to love one another, and to greet one another." [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
In the narration of Al-Bazzar: "And to greet our Imams and to greet one another in prayer."
وَعَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا صَلَّى صَلَاةً أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا بِوَجْهِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Samurah ibn Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) finished his prayer, he would turn his face towards us." [Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: لَا يَجْعَلُ أَحَدُكُمْ لِلشَّيْطَانِ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ: يَرَى أَنَّ حَقًّا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَنْصَرِفَ إِلَّا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَثِيرًا يَنْصَرِفُ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "Let none of you assign a portion of his prayer to Satan by thinking that it is obligatory to turn only to the right. I have often seen the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) turning to his left." [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ أَكْثَرُ انْصِرَافِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ إِلَى شَقَّهِ الْأَيْسَرِ إِلَى حُجْرَتِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَغَوِيُّ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ».
He also reported: "The Prophet (peace be upon him) would often turn to his left side towards his room after finishing his prayer." [Narrated by Al-Baghawi in Sharh As-Sunnah]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَنْصَرِفُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet ﷺ would turn to his right when concluding the prayer. [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنِ الْبَرَاءِ الله قَالَ: كُنَّا إِذَا صَلَّيْنَا خَلْفَ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ أَحْبَبْنَا أَنْ نَكُوْنَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، يُقْبِلُ عَلَيْنَا بِوَجْهِهِ ، قَالَ : فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُوْلُ: «رَبِّ قِنِي عَذَابَكَ يَوْمَ تَبْعَثُ أَوْ تَجْمَعُ عِبَادَكَ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Al-Bara' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When we prayed behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, we loved to be on his right side so that he would face us. He said: I heard him say, "O Lord, protect me from Your punishment on the Day You resurrect or gather Your servants." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: لَا يُصَلَّى الْإِمَامُ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي صَلَّى فِيْهِ حَتَّى يَتَحَوَّلَ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The imam should not pray in the same place where he led the prayer until he moves to another spot." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «أَيَعْجِزُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرَ أَوْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ أَوْ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ. يَعْنِي فِي السَّبْحَةِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said"Is any one of you unable to step forward, step back, move to his right, or move to his left in prayer?", meaning in voluntary prayer. [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: إِنَّ النِّسَاءَ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ كُنَّ إِذَا سَلَّمْنَ مِنَ الْمَكْتُوْبَةِ قُمْنَ، وَثَبَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ، وَمَنْ صَلَّى مِنَ الرِّجَالِ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ، فَإِذَا قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَامَ الرِّجَالُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: During the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when the women completed their obligatory prayer, they would leave, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained seated. The men who had prayed as much as Allah willed would also remain seated. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up, the men would then stand. [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَضَّهُمْ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَنَهَاهُمْ أَنْ يَنْصَرِفُوْا قَبْلَ انْصِرَافَهِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) encouraged them to pray and forbade them from leaving before he finished the prayer. [Narrated by Abu Dawud]