وَقَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّوَجَلَّ: {وَإِذَا نَادَيْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ اتَّخَذُوهَا هُزُوًا وَلَعِبَا ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَعْقِلُونَ} (المائدة: ٥٨) ، وَقَوْلِهِ: {يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ} (الجمعة: ٩
And the saying of Allah, the Almighty: "And when you call to prayer, they take it in ridicule and amusement. That is because they are a people who do not reason." (Qur'an, Al-Ma'idah 5:58). And His saying: "O you who have believed, when the call to prayer is made on the day of Jumu'ah (Friday)..." (Qur'an, Al-Jumu'ah 62:9).
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُوْنَ حِيْنَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ يَجْتَمِعُوْنَ فَيَتَحَيَّنُوْنَ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَلَيْسَ يُنَادِي بِهَا أَحَدٌ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا يَوْمًا فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ اتَّخِذُوا مِثْلَ نَاقُوسِ النَّصَارَى. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: قَرْنًا مِثْل قَرْنِ الْيَهُودِ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَوَلَا تَبْعَثُوْنَ رَجُلًا يُنَادِي بِالصَّلَاةِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «يَا بِلَالُ، قُمْ فَنَادِ بِالصَّلَاةِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ الْقَارِي: أَيْ نَادِ بِـ الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةً»؛ لِمَا فِي مُرْسَلِ عِنْدَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَنَّ بِلَالًا كَانَ يُنَادِي بِقَوْلِهِ: «الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةً، ثُمَّ شُرِعَ الْأَذَانُ. وَفِي شَرْحِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنِ الْقَاضِي عِيَاضٍ: الظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ إِعْلَامُ وَإِخْبَارُ بِحُضُورِ وَقْتِهَا، وَلَيْسَ عَلَى صِفَةِ الْأَذَانِ الشَّرْعِيَّ. قَالَ النَّوَوِيُّ: هَذَا هُوَ الْحَقُّ. انْتَهَى
It is narrated from Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: When the Muslims arrived in Madinah, they would gather and wait for the time of prayer, but no one would call for it. One day, they discussed the matter, and some suggested using a bell like the Christians, while others proposed using a horn like the Jews. Then 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Why don’t you appoint a man to call for the prayer?" The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "O Bilal, stand up and call for the prayer." [Agreed upon]
'Ali Al-Qari said: "Meaning, call out 'As-Salatu Jami'ah' (the prayer is gathering)." This is based on what is mentioned in the Mursal narration from Abu Sa'id that Bilal used to call out, "As-Salatu Jami'ah," and then the Adhan was established. In the explanation of Muslim, Al-Qadi 'Iyad said: "The apparent meaning is that it was an announcement and notification of the arrival of the prayer time, but it was not in the form of the prescribed Adhan." An-Nawawi said: "This is the correct view."
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ هَمَّهُ الْأَذَانُ حَتَّى هَمَّ أَنْ يَأْمُرَ رِجَالًا فَيَقُوْمُوْنَ عَلَى الْآطَامِ، فَيَرْفَعُوْنَ وَيُشِيرُوْنَ إِلَى النَّاسِ بِالصَّلَاةِ، حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ فِيْمَا يَرَى النَّائِمُ كَأَنَّ رَجُلًا عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ أَخْضَرَانِ عَلَى سُوْرِ الْمَسْجِدِ، يَقُولُ: «اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ» أَرْبَعًا، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، «اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ». ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَالَ مِثْلَهَا ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهَا: «قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ».
فَأَخْبَرْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «اذْهَبَ، فَقُصَّهَا عَلَى بِلَالٍ، فَفَعَلْتُ، فَأَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ سِرَاعًا وَلَا يَدْرُوْنَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ فَرَغَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَقَالَ: لَوْلَا مَا سَبَقَنِي بِهِ لَأَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ طَافَ بِي الَّذِي طَافَ بِهِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو الشَّيْخِ، وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهِ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَأَحْمَدُ نَحْوَهُ، وَصَحَّحَهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ وَالْبُخَارِيُّ فِيمَا حَكَاهُ عَنْهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ فِي الْعِلَلِ».
It is narrated from 'Abdullah ibn Zayd Al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was concerned about how to call people to prayer. He even considered appointing men to stand on high places and signal to the people when it was time for prayer. Then, in a dream, I saw a man wearing two green garments standing on the wall of the mosque, calling out: "الله أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ" four times, "أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا الله" twice, "أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ الله مَرَّتَيْنِ" twice, "حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ" twice, "حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ" twice, and then " الله أَكْبَرُ الله أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ". Then he stood up for Iqamah and repeated the same, adding at the end, "قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ" (the prayer has begun, the prayer has begun). I informed the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) about this, and he said, "Go and teach it to Bilal." I did so, and when Bilal called the Adhan, the people rushed to the mosque, not knowing what had happened. 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came and said, "If I had not been preceded, I would have informed you that I saw the same thing in a dream." [Narrated by Abu Ash-Shaikh, and similar narrations were narrated by Ibn Majah, Abu Dawud, and Ahmad]
Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Khuzaymah, and Al-Bukhari authenticated what Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi in ʾIlal.
وَعَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَقَدْ أَعْجَبَنِي أَنْ تَكُوْنَ صَلَاةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَاحِدَةً، حَتَّى لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَبُثَّ رِجَالًا فِي الدُّوْرِ وَيُنَادُوْنَ بِالصَّلَاةِ، وَحَتَّى هَمَمْتُ أَنْ آمُرَ رِجَالًا يَقُوْمُوْنَ عَلَى الْأَطَامِ يُنَادُوْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِحِيْنِ الصَّلَاةِ». قَالَ: فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي لَمَّا رَجَعْتُ لِمَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ اهْتِمَامِكَ رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ أَخْضَرَانِ، فَقَامَ عَلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَأَذَّنَ، ثُمَّ قَعَدَ قَعْدَةٌ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَالَ مِثْلَهَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَقُوْلُ: «قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ» وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
It is narrated from Ibn Abi Layla that he said: Our companions told us that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "I was pleased with the idea of the Muslims having a unified call to prayer. I even considered sending men to the houses to announce the prayer, and I also thought of appointing men to stand on high places and call the Muslims to prayer at its time." Then a man from the Ansar came and said, "O Messenger of Allah, when I returned, I saw a man wearing two green garments standing on the mosque, calling the Adhan. Then he sat for a while, stood up again, and repeated the same, but added, 'قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ' (the prayer has begun)." He then narrated the rest of the story. [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ خَشَبَتَيْنِ يُضْرَبُ بِهِمَا لِيَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، فَأُرِيَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ خَشَبَتَيْنِ فِي النَّوْمِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَاتَيْنِ لَنَحْو مِمَّا يُرِيدُهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ، فَقِيلَ: أَلَّا تُؤَذِّنُوْنَ لِلصَّلَاةِ؟ فَأَتَى رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ حِيْنَ اسْتَيْقَظَ ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْأَذَانِ. رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ في «الْمُوَطَّأ».
It is narrated from Yahya ibn Sa'id that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) wanted to use two pieces of wood to strike together to gather people for prayer. Then 'Abdullah ibn Zayd Al-Ansari saw two pieces of wood in a dream and said, "These are similar to what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) wants." It was said, "Why don’t you call the Adhan for the prayer?" When he woke up, he went to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and mentioned it to him. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then ordered the Adhan to be established. [Narrated by Malik in Al-Muwatta']
وَعَنْ أَبِي عُمَيْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عُمُوْمَةٍ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَالَ: اهْتَمَّ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ لِلصَّلَاةِ كَيْفَ يَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ لَهَا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: انْصِبْ رَايَةً عِنْدَ حُضُورِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَإِذَا رَأَوْهَا آذَنَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، فَلَمْ يُعْجِبْهُ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: وَذُكِرَ لَهُ القُنْعُ - يَعْنِي الشَّبُوْرَ - فَلَمْ يُعْجِبْهُ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْيَهُودِ». قَالَ: فَذُكِرَ لَهُ النَاقُوْسُ، فَقَالَ: «هُوَ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّصَارَى».
فَانْصَرَفَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَهُوَ مُهْتَمُّ لِهَمَّ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ، فَأُرِيَ الْأَذَانَ فِي مَنَامِهِ. قَالَ: فَغَدًا عَلَى رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ، إِنِّي لَبَيْنَ نَائِمٍ وَيَقْظَانَ إِذْ أَتَانِي آتٍ فَأَرَانِي الْأَذَانَ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَابِ رَآهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَمَهُ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا. قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ النَّبِيِّ ، فَقَالَ: «مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُخْبِرَنِي؟ فَقَالَ: سَبَقَنِي بِهَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ : «يَا بِلَالُ، قُمْ فَانْظُرْ مَا يَأْمُرُكَ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، فَافْعَلْهُ، فَأَذَّنَ بِلَالُ. قَالَ أَبُو بِشْرِ الرَّاوِي: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عُمَيْرٍ أَنَّ الْأَنْصَارَ تَزْعَمُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ لَوْلَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَرِيضًا يَوْمَئِذٍ لَجَعَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مُؤَذِّنَا. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
It is narrated from Abu 'Umayr ibn Anas, from his uncles among the Ansar, that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was concerned about how to gather people for prayer. It was suggested to him, "Raise a flag when it is time for prayer, and when people see it, they will inform each other." However, he did not like this idea. It was also suggested to use a horn (Shabur), but he did not like that either, saying, "That is from the practice of the Jews." Then it was suggested to use a bell, and he said, "That is from the practice of the Christians."
Then 'Abdullah ibn Zayd left, deeply concerned about the matter that troubled the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). He was later shown the Adhan in his dream. He said: "I went to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) the next morning and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, while I was between sleep and wakefulness, someone came to me and showed me the Adhan.'" 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab had also seen it before but had kept it to himself for twenty days. He then informed the Prophet (peace be upon him), who asked, "What prevented you from telling me?" 'Umar replied, "Abdullah ibn Zayd preceded me, and I felt embarrassed." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "O Bilal, stand up and see what Abdullah ibn Zayd instructs you to do, and then do it." Bilal then called the Adhan. Abu Bishr, the narrator, said: "Abu 'Umayr informed me that the Ansar believed that if Abdullah ibn Zayd had not been ill that day, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would have appointed him as the Mu'adhdhin (caller to prayer)." [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ : أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مَرَّ بِرَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَآهُ حَزِينًا، وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا طَعِمَ تُجمع إِلَيْهِ، فَانْطَلَقَ حَزِيْنًا بِمَا رَأَى مِنْ حُزْنِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَتَرَكَ طَعَامَهُ وَمَا كَانَ يَجْتَمِعُ إِلَيْهِ، وَدَخَلَ مَسْجِدَهُ يُصَلِّي، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ نَعَسَ، فَأَتَاهُ آتٍ فِي النَّوْمِ فَقَالَ: هَلْ عَلِمْتَ مِمَّا حَزِنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ؟ قَالَ: لَا ، قَالَ: فَهُوَ لِهَذَا التَّأْذِيْنِ، فَأْتِهِ فَمُرْهُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَ بِلَالًا أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ، فَعَلَّمَهُ الْأَذَانَ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ مَرَّتَيْنِ، «أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ» مَرَّتَيْنِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، «اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ».
ثُمَّ عَلَّمَهُ الْإِقَامَةَ مِثْل ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ كَأَذَانِ النَّاسِ وَإِقَامَتِهِمْ، فَأَقْبَلَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَعَدَ عَلَى بَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَمَرَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: اسْتَأْذِنْ لِي، وَقَدْ رَأَى مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَأَخْبَرَ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْذَنَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَدَخَل فَأَخْبَرَ بِالَّذِي رَأَى، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ : «قَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِثْل ذَلِكَ، فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا يُؤَذِّن بِذَلِكَ. رَوَاهُ إِمَامُنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِي فِي الْأَوْسَطِ» بِسَنَدِهِ عَنْهُ نَحْوَهُ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْإِقَامَةَ: اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ.
It is narrated from 'Alqamah, from Ibn Buraidah, that a man from the Ansar passed by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and noticed that he was sad. The man used to gather people when he ate, but he left feeling sad because of the Prophet's sadness and abandoned his meal and the gathering. He entered the mosque to pray, and while he was in that state, he dozed off. In his dream, someone came to him and said, "Do you know why the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) is sad?" He replied, "No." The person said, "It is because of the call to prayer. Go to him and instruct him to order Bilal to call the Adhan." He then taught him the Adhan: "اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ" twice, "أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ" twice, "أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ" twice, "حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ" twice, "حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ" twice, " اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ" Then he taught him the Iqamah in the same manner, adding at the end, "قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ" (the prayer has begun, the prayer has begun). The Ansari man then went and sat at the door of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Abu Bakr passed by and said, "Seek permission for me," as he had seen a similar dream. He informed the Prophet (peace be upon him) about it. Then the Ansari man sought permission and entered, informing the Prophet of what he had seen. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "Abu Bakr has already informed me of the same. Then he ordered Bilal to call the Adhan in that manner." [Narrated by our Imam Abu Hanifah, and At-Tabarani narrated something similar in Al-Awsat.
In the narration of Ibn Abi Shaybah and Sa'id ibn Mansur from Abu Mahdhurah, from the Prophet (peace be upon him), the Iqamah is:
"اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ"
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ كَأَنَّ رَجُلًا قَائِمٌ وَعَلَيْهِ بُرْدَانِ أَخْضَرَانِ عَلَى جِذْمَةِ حَائِطٍ، فَأَذَّنَ مَثْنَى، وَأَقَامَ مَثْنَى، وَقَعَدَ قَعْدَةً. فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ بِلَالُ، فَقَامَ فَأَذَّنَ مَثْنَى وَأَقَامَ مَثْنَى وَقَعَدَ قَعْدَةً. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو الشَّيْخِ، وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي سُنَنِهِ عَنْ وَكِيعِ نَحْوَهُ.
قَالَ فِي الْإِمَامِ»: وَهَذَا رِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ، وَهُوَ مُتَّصِلُ عَلَى مَذْهَبِ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي عَدَالَةِ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَأَنَّ جَهَالَةَ أَسْمَائِهِمْ لَا تَضُرُّ.
It is narrated from 'Abdur-Rahman ibn Abi Layla that he said: Our companions among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) narrated that 'Abdullah ibn Zayd Al-Ansari came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I saw in a dream a man standing, wearing two green garments, on a wall. He called the Adhan twice and the Iqamah twice, then sat for a while." Bilal heard this, stood up, and called the Adhan twice and the Iqamah twice, then sat for a while. [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah and Abu Ash-Shaikh, Al-Bayhaqi also narrated something similar in his Sunan from Waki']
The scholars said: "The chain of narrators of this hadith consists of reliable narrators, and it is connected according to the methodology of the majority regarding the uprightness of the Companions. The fact that some of their names are unknown does not harm the narration."
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ هَمَّ بِالْبُوقِ وَأَمَرَ بِالتَّاقُوسِ فَنُحِتَ، فَأُرِيَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فِي الْمَنَامِ، قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ أَخْضَرَانِ يَحْمِلُ نَاقُوْسًا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ، أَتَبِيعُ النَّاقُوْسَ؟ قَالَ: وَمَا تَصْنَعُ بِهِ؟ قُلْتُ: أُنَادِي بِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ. قَالَ: أَفَلَا أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى خَيْرٍ مِنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَقُوْلُ: اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ.
قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا رَأَى، قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ أَخْضَرَانِ، فَقَصَّ الْقِصَّةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ: «إِنَّ صَاحِبَكُمْ قَدْ رَأَى رُؤْيَا، فَاخْرُجْ مَعَ بِلَالٍ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَأَلْقِهَا عَلَيْهِ، فَلْيُنَادِ بِلَالُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ أَنْدَى صَوْتًا مِنْكَ». قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَ بِلَالٍ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَجَعَلْتُ أُلْقِيْهَا عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ يُنَادِي بِهَا. قَالَ: فَسَمِعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِالصَّوْتِ فَخَرَجَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ الَّذِي رَأَى رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهِ، وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ مِثْلَهُ.
It is narrated from 'Abdullah ibn Zayd that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had considered using a horn and ordered the use of a bell, which was carved. Then 'Abdullah ibn Zayd was shown in a dream. He said: "I saw a man wearing two green garments carrying a bell. I said to him, 'O servant of Allah, will you sell the bell?' He said, 'What will you do with it?' I said, 'I will call people to prayer with it.' He said, 'Shall I not guide you to something better than this?' I said, 'What is it?' He said, 'Say:
اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ'"
'Abdullah ibn Zayd then went to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and informed him of what he had seen. He said, "O Messenger of Allah, I saw a man wearing two green garments," and he related the story. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "Your companion has seen a true dream. Go with Bilal to the mosque and teach it to him, and let Bilal call the Adhan, for his voice is louder than yours." 'Abdullah said: "I went with Bilal to the mosque, and I taught him the Adhan, and he called it out." 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab heard the voice and came out, saying, "O Messenger of Allah, I saw the same thing that he saw." [Narrated by Ibn Majah, and Abu Dawud narrated something similar]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ بِرَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ أُوْحِيَ إِلَيْهِ بِالْأَذَانِ، فَنَزَلَ بِهِ، فَعَلَّمَهُ جِبْرِيلُ. رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ».
وَقَالَ عُلَمَاؤُنَا: إِنَّ الْإِسْرَاءَ الْمَذْكُورَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الطَّبَرَانِي غَيْرُ الْمَعْرُوْفِ، وَإِنَّهُ بِرُوْحِهِ أَوْ بِرُؤْيَاهُ، لِلْإِسْرَاءِ تَعَدُّدٌ ، فَيَكُوْنُ رَأَى فِي مَنَامِهِ ذَلِكَ، وَرُؤْيَا الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَحْيٌ، وَعَقْبَ ذَلِكَ بِرُؤْيَا الصَّحَابَةِ، فَأَظْهَرَ مُوَافَقَتَهُمْ؛ لِيَسُرُّوا بِمُوَافَقَةِ رَأْبِهِمْ وَكَوْنِ ذَلِكَ مَأْتُوْرًا عَنْهُمْ، وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ حُكْمُ شَرْعِيٌّ لَا يَثْبُتُ بِرُؤْيَا غَيْرِهِ انْتَهَى.
It is narrated from Ibn 'Umar that he said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was taken on the Night Journey (Al-Isra'), he was inspired with the Adhan. He brought it down, and Jibril taught it to him. [Narrated by At-Tabarani in Al-Awsat]
Our scholars said: "The Isra' mentioned in At-Tabarani's narration is not the well-known Isra'. It could have been in his spirit or in a vision, as the Isra' occurred multiple times. Thus, he saw it in his dream, and the dreams of the Prophets are a form of revelation. This was followed by the dreams of the Companions, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) showed approval to make them happy with the agreement of their visions. Otherwise, it is a legal ruling that cannot be established solely through the dreams of others."
وَعَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ۱ اللَّيْنِي: أَنَّ عُمَرَ لَمَّا رَأَى الْأَذَانَ جَاءَ لِيُخْبِرَ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَوَجَدَ الْوَحْيَ قَدْ وَرَدَ بِذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ: «قَدْ سَبَقَكَ الْوَحْيُ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيْلِ وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ فِي مُصَنَّفِهِ.
It is narrated from 'Ubayd ibn 'Umayr 1 Al-Laythi that when 'Umar saw the Adhan in a dream, he came to inform the Prophet (peace be upon him) but found that revelation had already been sent regarding it. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to him, "Revelation has preceded you." [Narrated by Abu Dawud in Al-Marasil and 'Abdur-Razzaq in his Musannaf]
Notes / الحواشي
1 In the real book of the auther he is Ubayd ibn Umar.
۱ وفي أصل المؤلف: عبيد بن عمر».
وَعَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا مَحْذُورَةَ: كَيْفَ كُنْتَ تُؤَذِّنُ لِرَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ وَأَيَّ شَيْءٍ كُنْتَ تَجْعَلُ آخِرَ أَذَانِكَ؟ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُثَنِّي الْإِقَامَةَ كَمِثْلِ الْأَذَانِ، وَأَجْعَلُ آخِرَ الْأَذَانِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو الشَّيْخُ، وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ ابْنُ الْهُمَامِ، وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِي فِي الْأَوْسَطِ» عَنْ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ يَقُولُ: أَلْقَى عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْأَذَانَ حَرْفًا حَرْفًا، اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ إِلخ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ تَرْجِيعًا.
It is narrated from Al-Aswad ibn Yazid that he said: I asked Abu Mahdhurah, "How did you call the Adhan for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and what did you say at the end of your Adhan?" He replied, "I would repeat the Iqamah like the Adhan, and I would end the Adhan with 'لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ' (There is no god but Allah)." [Narrated by Abu Ash-Shaikh]
Imam Ibn Al-Humam said that At-Tabarani narrated in Al-Awsat from Abu Mahdhurah, who said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) taught me the Adhan word by word: ' اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ...' and so on," but he did not mention the Tarji' (repeating the Shahadah twice).
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : كَانَ أَذَانُ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ شَفْعًا شَفْعًا فِي الْأَذَانِ وَالْإِقَامَةِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
It is narrated from 'Abdullah ibn Zayd that he said: "The Adhan of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was in pairs, both in the Adhan and the Iqamah." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ مُؤَذِّنُ النَّبِيِّ يَشْفَعُ الْأَذَانَ وَالْإِقَامَةَ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
It is narrated from 'Abdur-Rahman ibn Abi Layla that he said: "Abdullah ibn Zayd Al-Ansari, the Mu'adhdhin of the Prophet (peace be upon him), would say the Adhan and Iqamah in pairs." [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ أَذَانُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَإِقَامَتُهُ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى. رَوَاهُ أَبُو الشَّيْخِ.
It is narrated from 'Abdullah ibn Zayd Al-Ansari that he said: "The Adhan and Iqamah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) were in pairs." [Narrated by Abu Ash-Shaikh]
وَعَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ بِلَالٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُثَنِّي الْأَذَانِ وَيُثَنِّي الْإِقَامَةَ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وَالدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ.
It is narrated from Al-Aswad, from Bilal, that he would say the Adhan and Iqamah in pairs. [Narrated by At-Tahawi, 'Abdur-Razzaq, and Al-Daraqutni]
وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ : كَانَ ثَوْبَانُ يُؤَذِّنُ مَثْنَى وَيُقِيمُ مَثْنَى رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
It is narrated from Ibrahim that he said: "Thawban would call the Adhan in pairs and say the Iqamah in pairs." [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مَحْذُورَةً يُؤَذِّنُ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى وَيُقِيمُ مَثْنَى رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
It is narrated from 'Abdul-'Aziz ibn Rufay' that he said: "I heard Abu Mahdhurah calling the Adhan in pairs and saying the Iqamah in pairs." [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ مَكْحُوْلٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ مُحَيْرِيزٍ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا مَحْذُوْرَةَ يَقُوْلُ: عَلَّمَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْإِقَامَةَ سَبْعَ عَشَرَ كَلِمَةً. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
It is narrated from Mak'hul that Ibn Muhayriz narrated to him that he heard Abu Mahdhurah saying: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) taught me the Iqamah in seventeen words." [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي الْإِقَامَةِ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً: إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ اسْتَخَفَهُ الْأُمَرَاءُ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ. وَقَالَ الزَّيْلَعِيُّ فِي تَبْيِيْنِ الْحَقَائِقِ قَالَ أَبُو الْفَرَجِ كَانَتِ الْإِقَامَةُ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى، فَلَمَّا قَامَ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ أَفْرَدُوا الْإِقَامَةَ.
It is narrated from Mujahid regarding the Iqamah being said once: "This is something that the rulers made light of." [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
Az-Zayla'i said in Tabyin Al-Haqa'iq: "Abu Al-Faraj said that the Iqamah used to be in pairs, but when the Umayyads came to power, they made it singular."
وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: كَانَتِ الْإِقَامَةُ مِثْلَ الْأَذَانِ حَتَّى كَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُلُوْكُ، فَجَعَلُوْهَا وَاحِدَةً لِلسُّرْعَةِ إِذَا خَرَجُوا. انْتَهَى
It is narrated from Ibrahim that he said: "The Iqamah used to be like the Adhan until these kings came and made it singular for speed when they went out."
وَعَنْ بِلَالٍ : أَنَّهُ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ للهِ يُؤْذِنُهُ بِالصُّبْحِ، فَوَجَدهُ رَاقِدًا، فَقَالَ: الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ، مَرَّتَيْنِ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ : مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا يَا بِلَالُ اجْعَلْهُ فِي أَذَانِكَ». رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْكَبِيرِ، وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَه نَحْوَهُ.
It is narrated from Bilal that he came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) to call him for Fajr prayer and found him sleeping. He said, "الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ" (Prayer is better than sleep) twice. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "How good this is, O Bilal! Include it in your Adhan." [Narrated by At-Tabarani in Al-Kabir, and Ibn Majah narrated something similar]
وَعَنْ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُؤَذِّنُ لِرَسُوْلِ اللهِ ، وَكُنْتُ أَقُولُ فِي أَذَانِ الْفَجْرِ الْأَوَّلِ: حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ». رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ.
It is narrated from Abu Mahdhurah that he said: "I used to call the Adhan for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and in the first Adhan of Fajr, I would say,
'حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ'"
This was narrated by Al-Nasa’i.
وَعَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ يَقُوْلَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ فِي أَذَانِ الْفَجْرِ: «حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ». رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ.
It is narrated from Ibn Sirin that he said: "It is from the Sunnah for the Mu'adhdhin to say in the Fajr Adhan, 'حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ'" [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi and Ibn Khuzaymah]
وَعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِصَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، فَكَانَ لَا يَمُرُّ بِرَجُلٍ إِلَّا نَادَاهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ أَوْ حَرَّكَهُ بِرِجْلِهِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَقَالَ عَلَيَّ الْقَارِي: يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ مَشْرُوْعِيَّةُ التَّثْوِيْبِ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ ۱.
It is narrated from Abu Bakrah that he said: "I went out with the Prophet (peace be upon him) for Fajr prayer, and he would not pass by anyone without calling them to prayer or nudging them with his foot." [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
'Ali Al-Qari said: "This indicates the permissibility of Tathweeb (calling to prayer) in general." 1
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: "This indicates the permissibility of Tathweeb in general." And in the explanation of An-Nuqayah, it is said: "Tathweeb is the announcement of prayer between the Adhan and Iqamah according to what is customary in each region. It is considered Hasan in our view for every prayer because people are often neglectful in religious matters. However, Malik and Shafi'i disliked it absolutely."
۱ قوله: يؤخذ منه مشروعية التثويب في الجملة وقال في شرح النقاية والتثويب وهو الإعلام بالصلاة بين الأذان والإقامة بحسب ما تعارفه أهل كل بلد من لفظه حسن عندنا في كل صلاة؛ لتواني الناس في الأمور الدينية، وكرهه مالك والشافعي مطلقا.
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِبِلَالٍ: «إِذَا أَذَّنْتَ فَتَرَسَّلْ، وَإِذَا أَقَمْتَ فَاحْدُرْ، وَاجْعَلْ بَيْنَ أَذَانِكَ وَإِقَامَتِكَ قَدْرَ مَا يَفْرُغُ الْآكِلُ مِنْ أَكْلِهِ وَالشَّارِبُ مِنْ شُرْبِهِ وَالْمُعْتَصِرُ إِذَا دَخَلَ لِقَضَاءِ حَاجَتِهِ، وَلَا تَقُوْمُوْا حَتَّى تَرَوْنِي۱. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ : أَنَّ أَنَسًا الله كَانَ يَقُوْمُ إِذَا قَالَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ: «قَدْ قَامَتْ الصَّلَاةُ وَكَبَّرَ الْإِمَامُ.
It is narrated from Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to Bilal: "When you call the Adhan, do so calmly, and when you call the Iqamah, do so quickly. Leave enough time between your Adhan and Iqamah for a person to finish eating, drinking, and for one who needs to relieve themselves to do so. And do not stand (for prayer) until you see me." 2 [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi]
Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated from Hammad that Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) would stand when the Mu'adhdhin said, "قد قامت الصلاة" (Prayer has begun), and the Imam said the Takbir.
Notes / الحواشي
2 Explanation of the statement: "Do not stand until you see me": This likely means that the Prophet (peace be upon him) would come out of his room after the Mu'adhdhin began the Iqamah and enter the mosque’s Mihrab (prayer niche) when the Mu'adhdhin said, " حَيَّ على الصلاة " (Come to prayer). Therefore, our scholars stated that the Imam and the congregation should stand at "حَيَّ على الصلاة" and begin the prayer at "قد قامت الصلاة" (Prayer has begun), according to the opinion of Abu Hanifah and Muhammad. According to Abu Yusuf, they should begin at the completion of the Iqamah. The meaning is that when the Mu'adhdhin finishes saying, "قد قامت الصلاة" the Imam should begin. In Al-Khulasa, this is the most correct opinion. It is also said that it means the Imam begins before the completion of this statement. In Al-Muhit, Imam Al-Hulwani said: "This is the correct view." It is mentioned in Khazana: "If the Imam does not begin until after the completion of the Iqamah, there is no harm in that." The discussion here is about what is recommended, not what is merely permissible. The majority follow the opinion of Abu Yusuf so that the Mu'adhdhin can catch the beginning of the Imam’s prayer, and this is the practice of the people of the Two Holy Mosques. Allah knows best. According to Malik and Shafi'i, the Imam should delay starting until the Iqamah is completed and the rows are straight. This is taken from Al-Mirqat and Sharh An-Nuqayah.
۱ قوله: ولا تقوموا حتى تروني : لعله كان يخرج من الحجرة بعد شروع المؤذن في الإقامة، ويدخل في محراب المسجد عند قوله: «حَيَّ على الصلاة، ولذا قال أئمتنا ويقوم الإمام والقوم عند «حي على الصلاة ويشرع عند قد قامت الصلاة في قول أبي حنيفة ومحمد، وعند الفراغ من الإقامة في قول أبي يوسف. والمعنى: إذا فرغ المؤذن من قوله: «قد قامت الصلاة شرع الإمام. في الخلاصة: هذا هو الأصح وقيل : معناه أنه شرع فيها قبل تمام هذا القول. وفي المحيط»: قال الإمام الحلواني: هذا هو الصحيح، وذكر في خزانة»: لو لم يشرع حتى فرغ من الإقامة، فلا بأس به، والكلام في الاستحباب لا في الجواز. انتهي والجمهور على قول أبي يوسف؛ ليدرك المؤذن أول صلاة الإمام، وعليه عمل أهل الحرمين، والله تعالى أعلم. وعند مالك والشافعي: يؤخر الشروع إلى الفراغ من الإقامة واستواء الصفوف المرقاة» وشرح النقاية» ملتقط منهما.
وَعَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الصُّدَائِي قَالَ: أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَذَّنْ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ فَأَذَنْتُ، فَأَرَادَ بِلَالُ أَنْ يُقِيمَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ أَخَا صُدَاءٍ قَدْ أَذَّنَ، وَمَنْ۱ أَذَّنَ فَهُوَ يُقِيمُ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
It is narrated from Ziyad ibn Al-Harith As-Suda'i that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded me to call the Adhan for Fajr prayer, so I called the Adhan. Bilal wanted to call the Iqamah, but the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "The brother from Suda' has called the Adhan, and whoever calls the Adhan should also call the Iqamah." 1 [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, and Ibn Majah]
Notes / الحواشي
1 Explanation of the statement: "Whoever calls the Adhan should also call the Iqamah": In our view (Hanafi school), it is not disliked for someone other than the Mu'adhdhin to call the Iqamah with the Mu'adhdhin's consent. This is also the opinion of Malik. However, Shafi'i disliked it. If the Mu'adhdhin is not present, there is no dislike in someone else calling the Iqamah, according to unanimous agreement. Nevertheless, it is preferable for the Mu'adhdhin to also call the Iqamah, based on this hadith and the following narrations. This is summarized from Sharh An-Nuqayah.
۱ قوله: من أذن فهو يقيم ولا يكره عندنا إقامة غير المؤذن برضاه، وبه قال مالك، وكرهها الشافعي. أما لو لم يحضر فلا يكره اتفاقا. نعم، الأفضل أن يكون المؤذن هو المقيم، له هذا الحديث، ولنا الأحاديث الآتية بعد. شرح النقاية ملخصا.
وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي الْأَذَانِ أَشْيَاءَ لَمْ يَصْنَعْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، قَالَ: فَأُرِيَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدِ الْأَذَانَ فِي الْمَنَامِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَلْقِهِ عَلَى بِلَالٍ، فَأَلْقَاهُ عَلَيْهِ فَأَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ: أَنَا رَأَيْتُهُ وَأَنَا كُنْتُ أُرِيدُهُ، قَالَ: «فَأَقِمْ أَنْتَ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ: إِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنُ، وَكَذَا قَالَ الْحَازِيُّ.
It is narrated from Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah, from his uncle 'Abdullah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him), that he said: The Prophet (peace be upon him) considered various methods for the Adhan but did not implement any of them. Then 'Abdullah ibn Zayd was shown the Adhan in a dream. He went to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and informed him. The Prophet said, "Teach it to Bilal." He taught it to Bilal, and Bilal called the Adhan. 'Abdullah said, "I saw it in the dream, and I wanted to do it myself." The Prophet said, "Then you call the Iqamah." [Narrated by Abu Dawud, who remained silent about it]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said its chain is Hasan, and Al-Hazi said the same.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ : أَنَّهُ حِيْنَ رَأَى الْأَذَانَ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِلَالًا فَأَذَّنَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ عَبْدَ اللهِ فَأَقَامَ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
It is narrated from 'Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Zayd, from his father, from his grandfather, that when he saw the Adhan in a dream, the Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered Bilal to call the Adhan and then ordered 'Abdullah to call the Iqamah. [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ - مُؤَذِّنِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ - قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِلَالًا أَنْ يَجْعَلَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ، قَالَ: «إِنَّهُ أَرْفَعُ لِصَوْتِكَ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهِ، وَرَوَى التَّرْمِذِيُّ نَحْوَهُ.
It is narrated from 'Abdur-Rahman ibn Sa'd ibn 'Ammar ibn Sa'd, the Mu'adhdhin of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), that he said: My father narrated to me from his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) ordered Bilal to place his two fingers in his ears and said, "It makes your voice louder." [Narrated by Ibn Majah, and Al-Tirmidhi narrated something similar]
وَعَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ امْرَأَةِ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ قَالَتْ: كَانَ بَيْتِي مِنْ أَطْوَلِ بَيْتٍ حَوْلَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَكَانَ بِلَالُ يُؤَذِّنُ عَلَيْهِ الْفَجْرَ فَيَأْتِي بِسَحَرٍ، فَيَجْلِسُ عَلَى الْبَيْتِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْفَجْرِ، فَإِذَا رَآهُ تَمَطَّى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَحْمَدُكَ وَأَسْتَعِيْنُكَ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ أَنْ يُقِيمُوا دِينَكَ، قَالَتْ: ثُمَّ يُؤَذِّنُ ، قَالَتْ: وَاللهِ، مَا عَلِمْتُهُ كَانَ تَرَكَهَا لَيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً، تَعْنِي هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَقَالَ: يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ الْأَذَانُ فَوْقَ الْمَنَارَةِ، إِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنٌ.
It is narrated from 'Urwah ibn Az-Zubayr, from a woman of Banu Najjar, that she said: "My house was one of the tallest houses around the mosque. Bilal used to call the Adhan for Fajr from it. He would come in the early hours of the morning, sit on the roof, and wait for Fajr. When he saw it, he would stretch and say, 'O Allah, I praise You and seek Your help against Quraysh to establish Your religion.' Then he would call the Adhan. By Allah, I never knew him to miss these words for a single night." [Narrated by Abu Dawud, who said: "It indicates that the Adhan should be called from a high place. Its chain is Hasan."]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لِيُؤَذِّنُ لَكُمْ خِيَارُكُمْ وَلْيَؤْمَكُمْ قُرَّاؤُكُمْ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
It is narrated from Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Let the best among you call the Adhan, and let your reciters lead you in prayer." [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: حَقٌّ وَسُنَّةٌ مَسْنُوْنَةٌ أَنْ لَا يُؤَذِّنَ إِلَّا وَهُوَ طَاهِرُ، وَلَا يُؤَذِّنَ إِلَّا وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو الشَّيْخِ.
It is narrated from Wa'il ibn Hujr (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "It is a right and a Sunnah that the Adhan should only be called by one who is in a state of purity and standing." [Narrated by Abu Ash-Shaikh]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُؤَذِّنُ إِلَّا مُتَوَضَّى». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَضَعَّفَهُ. قَالَ عُلَمَاؤُنَا: فَلَا يَدُلُّ إِلَّا عَلَى الاسْتِحْبَابِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدِ انْعَقَدَ الْإِجْمَاعُ عَلَى كَوْنِ قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ بِغَيْرِ وُضُوْءٍ غَيْرَ مَكْرُوهِ، وَالْقُرْآنُ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً مِنَ الْأَذَانِ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يُكْرَهُ قِرَاءَتُهُ وَهُوَ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً بِدُوْنِ الْوُضُوْءِ، فَكَيْفَ يُكْرَهُ التَّأْذِينُ بِدُوْنِهِ؟ فَتُحْمَلُ رِوَايَاتُ الْوُضُوْءِ عَلَى الاسْتِحْبَابِ، قَالَهُ فِي تَعْلِيقِ إِعْلَاءِ السُّنَنِ».
It is narrated from Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "No one should call the Adhan except in a state of ablution." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi, who graded it weak. Our scholars said: "This only indicates recommendation, because there is consensus that reciting the Qur'an without ablution is not disliked, and the Qur'an is more sacred than the Adhan. If reciting it without ablution is not disliked, how can calling the Adhan without ablution be disliked? Therefore, narrations about ablution are understood as recommendations." This is stated in Ta'liq I'la' as-Sunan.
وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ وَهُوَ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ. رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدٌ ففِي الْآثَارِ» وَقَالَ: بِهِ نَأْخَذُ، لَا نَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا، وَنَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ جُنُبًا.
It is narrated from Ibrahim that he said: "There is no harm in a Mu'adhdhin calling the Adhan without ablution." [Narrated by Muhammad in Al-Athar, and he said: "This is our view; we see no harm in it, but we dislike it if he is in a state of major impurity (Junub)."]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: الْأَذَانُ جَزْمُ، وَالتَّكْبِيرُ جَزْمُ، وَالتَّسْلِيمُ جَزْمُ، وَالْقُرْآنُ جَزْمُ. رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ.
It is narrated from him (Ibrahim) that he said: "The Adhan is decisive, the Takbir is decisive, the Taslim is decisive, and the Qur'an is decisive." [Narrated by Sa'id ibn Mansur]
وَعَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ قَالَ: كُنَّا قُعُودًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مَعَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَأَذَّنَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ يَمْشِي، فَأَتْبَعَهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ بَصَرَهُ حَتَّى خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ عَصَى أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهِ، وَرَوَى مُسْلِمُ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ نَحْوَهُ.
It is narrated from Abu Ash-Sha'tha that he said: We were sitting in the mosque with Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) when the Mu'adhdhin called the Adhan. A man stood up and walked out of the mosque. Abu Hurairah followed him with his gaze until he left, then said, "As for this man, he has disobeyed Abu Al-Qasim (the Prophet, peace be upon him)." [Narrated by Ibn Majah while Muslim, Al-Nasa’i, and Al-Tirmidhi narrated something similar]
وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ الْأَذَانُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ، لَمْ يَخْرُجُ لِحَاجَةٍ، وَهُوَ لَا يُرِيدُ الرَّجْعَةَ، فَهُوَ مُنَافِقٌ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
It is narrated from 'Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever hears the Adhan in the mosque and then leaves, not for a need and without intending to return, is a hypocrite." [Narrated by Ibn Majah]