بَابُ فَرَائِضِ الْوُضُوْءِ وَسُنَنِهِ وَآدَابِهِThe Obligations, Sunnahs, and Etiquettes of Wudu (Ablution)
قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ بِالنَّصْبِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ} (المائدة: ٦
Allah the Almighty says:
"O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows, and wipe over your heads, and wash your feet to the ankles." (Surah Al-Ma'idah, 5:6)
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : خَرَجَ عُمَرُ الله مُتَقَلَّدًا سَيْفَهُ، فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ، فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ تَعْمِدُ يَا عُمَر؟ فَقَالَ: أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَقْتُلَ مُحَمَّدًا . قَالَ: وَكَيْفَ تَأْمَنُ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي زُهْرَةَ، وَقَدْ قَتَلْتَ مُحَمَّدًا ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا أَرَاكَ إِلَّا قَدْ صَبَوْتَ، قَالَ: أَفَلَا أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى الْعَجَبِ؟ إِنَّ خَتَنَكَ وَأُخْتَكَ صَبَوَا وَتَرَكَا دِينَكَ، فَمَشَى عُمَرُ، فَأَتَاهُمَا وَعِنْدَهُمَا خَبَّابٌ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِحِسٌ عُمَرَ تَوَارَى فِي الْبَيْتِ، فَدَخَلَ فَقَالَ: مَا هَذِهِ الْهَيْمَنَةُ؟۱ وَكَانُوْا يَقْرَؤُوْنَ «طه» قَالَا : مَا عَدَا حَدِيثًا تَحَدَّثْنَاهُ بَيْنَنَا. قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّكُمَا قَدْ صَبَوْتُمَا؟
فَقَالَ لَهُ خَتَنُهُ: يَا عُمَرُ، إِنْ كَانَ الْحَقُّ فِي غَيْرِ دِينِكَ؟ فَوَثَبَ عَلَيْهِ عُمَرُ، فَوَطِئَهُ وَطْءا شَدِيدًا، فَجَاءَتْ أُخْتُهُ لِتَدْفَعَهُ عَنْ زَوْجِهَا، فَنَفَحَهَا نَفْحَةً بِيَدِهِ۲، فَدَتَّى وَجْهَهُ. فَقَالَتْ وَهِيَ غَضْبَاءُ: وَإِنْ كَانَ الْحَقُّ فِي غَيْرِ دِيْنِكَ إِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُوْلُهُ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَعْطُوْنِي الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي هُوَ عِنْدَكُمْ فَأَقْرَأَهُ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَقْرَأُ الْكِتَابَ. فَقَالَتْ أُخْتُهُ : إِنَّكَ رِجْسٌ، وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُوْنَ، فَقُمْ فَاغْتَسِلْ٣ أَوْ تَوَضَّأُ. فَقَامَ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ الْكِتَابَ، فَقَرَأَ «طه». الْحَدِيثَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَأَبُوْ يَعْلَى وَالْحَاكِمُ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي الدَّلَائِلِ».
وَفِي الْحَدِيْثِ الْآخَرِ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي الدَّلَائِلِ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لها رَوَى قَوْلَ عُمَرَ بِأَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَقُمْتُ فَاغْتَسَلْتُ، فَأَخْرَجُوا إِلَيَّ صَحِيفَةً الْحَدِيثَ. هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتُ كُلُّهَا فِي تَارِيخ الخُلَفَاءِ لِلْإِمَامِ الْعَلَامَةِ السُّيُوطِيَّ، وَرَوَى الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ نَحْوَهُ، وَقَدْ جَوَّدَهُ فِي نَصْبِ الرَّايَةِ» فَقَالَ: أَثَرَانِ جَيِّدَانِ، فَسَاقَهُ وَآخَرَ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) once went out, wearing his sword. On his way, he met a man from the tribe of Banu Zuhrah, who asked, "Where are you going, O Umar?" Umar replied, "I am going to kill Muhammad." The man said, "And how will you protect yourself from the retaliation of Banu Hashim and Banu Zuhrah if you kill Muhammad?" Umar responded, "It seems that you have also abandoned your religion." The man then said, "Shall I inform you of something even more astonishing? Your sister and brother-in-law have also abandoned your religion."
Hearing this, Umar immediately headed towards their house. At that time, Khabbab (may Allah be pleased with him) was with them, teaching them Surah Taha. When Khabbab heard Umar's voice, he hid in the house. Umar entered and said, "What is this murmur 1 I heard?" They replied, "It is nothing but some talk we were having amongst ourselves." Umar said, "Perhaps you have also left your religion?"
His brother-in-law replied, "O Umar, what if the truth lies in a religion other than yours?" Hearing this, Umar leapt at him and beat him severely. His sister stepped forward to shield her husband, but Umar struck her with his hand, 2 causing her face to bleed. In anger, she said, "What if the truth lies in a religion other than yours? I bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is His servant and messenger."
Umar then calmed down and said, "Bring me the scripture you were reading so I can look at it." At that time, Umar could read. His sister replied, "You are impure, and none can touch it except those who are purified. So, go and purify yourself first." Umar got up, performed ghusl (ritual bath) or wudu (ablution), 3 and then took the scripture and read Surah Taha.
[Narrated by Ibn Sa'd, Abu Ya'la, Al-Hakim, and Al-Bayhaqi in Dalail Al-Nubuwwah]
In another narration, which Abu Nu'aym mentioned in Dala'il and Ibn Asakir narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "So I got up and performed ghusl (ritual purification), and they brought out a scroll for me (to read)."
All these narrations are found in Tareekh al-Khulafa by Imam Jalaluddin al-Suyuti. Al-Daraqutni narrated a similar version and affirmed it in (Nasb al-Raya), saying: "These are two sound narrations," and then he quoted this and another narration.
As for the second narration, we say: That ghusl (ritual bath) would not have been performed without wudu, as performing ghusl alone without wudu is not sufficient for touching the Qur'an. Therefore, the validity of wudu without intention is also proven in this way.
The author of Al-Hidayah said: "Intention in wudu is Sunnah according to us, while according to Al-Shafi’i, it is obligatory because wudu is an act of worship and cannot be valid without intention, just like tayammum (dry ablution)."
Our argument is that wudu does not become an act of worship unless accompanied by intention. However, it serves as a prerequisite for prayer because it is considered a purification through the use of a purifying agent. This is unlike tayammum, as soil is not inherently a purifier except in cases of intending to pray, where it indicates a purposeful intent. And Allah knows best.
This concludes the explanation.
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement, “Al-Haymanah (murmur)” refers to a soft voice.
2 His statement, “He struck her with his hand” means that he hit her with a blow from his hand. This is mentioned in the footnotes of Tareekh al-Khulafa.
3 His statement, “He performed ghusl (ritual bath) or wudu (ablution)...” In Al-Tawdeeh al-Hasan 'ala Ihya al-Sunan, it is stated: Regarding the first narration, we say: The intention of a non-believer is not valid, so the validity of wudu for touching the Qur'an in the mentioned story is proven without the condition of intention. This is our school of thought. Thus, Umar’s wudu in that situation was valid according to our view. However, according to the view of those who consider intention a condition for the validity of wudu, it would not be valid, which is clearly invalid as you see. Hence, the condition of intention is not established by Shari’ah. A narration attributed to a Companion in such matters is treated as though it is attributed directly to the Prophet (peace be upon him), as it concerns something that cannot be known through personal opinion.
۱ قوله: الهيمنة: آواز نرم.
۲ قوله : فنفحها نفحة بيده أي ضربها ضربة بيده. كذا في حاشية تاريخ الخلفاء».
٣ قوله: فاغتسل أو توضأ إلخ : وقال في التوضيح الحسن» على إحياء السنن: أما وجه الاستدلال على الرواية الأولى، فنقول: إن نية الكافر لا تعتبر ، فلا يقال بصحة الوضوء لمس القرآن في القصة المذكورة إلا بعدم اشتراط النية، وهو مذهبنا، فصح وضوء عمر في تلك الحالة على مذهبنا، ويلزم على مذهب من اشترط النية لصحة الوضوء عدم صحته، وهو باطل كما ترى، فلم يثبت اشتراط النية شرعًا، والحديث الموقوف في مثل هذا المقام في حكم الحديث المرفوع؛ لأنه مما لا يدرك بالرأي.
وأما على الرواية الأخرى فنقول: إن ذلك الغسل ما خلا عن الوضوء؛ فإن نفس الغسل بغير الوضوء لا يكفي لمس القرآن، فصح الوضوء بغير النية بهذا الوجه أيضًا. وقال صاحب الهداية»: فالنية في الوضوء سنة عندنا، وعند الشافعي فرض؛ لأنه عبادة، فلا يصح بدون النية كالتيمم. ولنا أنه لا يقع قربة إلا بالنية، ولكنه يقع مفتاحا للصلاة؛ لوقوعه طهارة باستعمال المطهر، بخلاف التيمم؛ لأن التراب غير مطهر إلا في حال إرادة الصلاة، أو هو ينبئ عن القصد. انتهى.
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللهِ فَإِنَّهُ يَطْهُرُ جَسَدُهُ كُلُّهُ ، وَمَنْ تَوَضَّأَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللهِ لَمْ يَطْهُرْ إِلَّا مَوْضِعُ الْوُضُوْءِ. رَوَاهُ الدَّارَ قُطْنِيُّ، وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي السُّنَنِ» عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَا مِثْلَهُ.
Narrated by Abu Hurairah, Ibn Mas’ud, and Ibn Umar: The Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever performs ablution (wudu) and mentions the name of Allah, his entire body becomes purified. But whoever performs ablution without mentioning the name of Allah, only the parts of the body touched by water are purified." [Narrated by Al-Daraqutni, and Al-Bayhaqi recorded a similar narration from Ibn Abbas in As-Sunan]
وَعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا تَوَضَّأُ الْعَبْدُ، فَذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللهِ ظَهَرَ جَسَدُهُ كُلُّهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ لَمْ يَطْهُرْ إِلَّا مَا أَصَابَهُ الْمَاءُ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
Narrated by Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When a servant performs ablution and mentions the name of Allah, his entire body becomes purified. If he does not mention the name of Allah, only the parts touched by water are purified." [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah]
وَعَنْ مَكْحُوْلٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا تَطَهَّرَ الرَّجُلُ وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللهِ طَهَرَ جَسَدُهُ كُلُّهُ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللهِ حِيْنَ يَتَوَضَّأُ لَمْ يَطْهُرْ مِنْهُ إِلَّا مَكَانُ الْوُضُوْءِ». رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ.
Narrated by Mak’hool: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "If a man purifies himself and mentions the name of Allah, his entire body becomes purified. But if he does not mention the name of Allah while performing ablution, only the parts washed are purified." [Narrated by Saeed Ibn Mansoor]
وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْكُوْفِيَّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ ذَكَرَ اللهَ عِنْدَ الْوُضُوْءِ طَهَرَ جَسَدُهُ كُلُّهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللهِ لَمْ يَطْهُرْ مِنْهُ إِلَّا مَا أَصَابَ الْمَاءُ». رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ مُرْسَلًا.
Narrated by Al-Hasan Al-Kufi: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever mentions Allah during ablution, his entire body becomes purified. But if he does not mention the name of Allah, only the parts touched by water are purified." [Narrated by Abdur-Razzaq as a mursal (disconnected) narration]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا مَسَّ طَهُورًا سَمَّى اللهَ رَوَاهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِي سُنَنِهِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِلْبَزَّارِ : كَانَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ وَ إِذَا بَدَأَ الْوُضُوءَ سَمَّى.
Narrated Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): She said, "Whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ touched water (for purification), he mentioned the name of Allah." [Narrated by Al-Daraqutni in his Sunan]
In another narration by Al-Bazzar: "Whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ began ablution, he mentioned the name of Allah."
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا اسْتَيْقَظَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ فَلَا يَغْمِسُ يَدَهُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ حَتَّى يَغْسِلَهَا ثَلَاثًا؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي أَيْنَ بَاتَتْ يَدُهُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ، وَرَوَى البُخَارِيُّ نَحْوَهُ.
Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When one of you wakes up from sleep, he should not dip his hand into a vessel until he washes it three times, for he does not know where his hand spent the night." [Narrated by Muslim, and Al-Bukhari narrated a similar version]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «تَمَضْمَضُوْا وَاسْتَنْشِقُوْا، وَالْأَذْنَانِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي الْحِلْيَةِ».
Narrated Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Rinse your mouth and sniff water into your nose, and the ears are part of the head." [Narrated by Abu Nu'aym in Al-Hilya]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا اسْتَيْقَظَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ مَنَامِهِ فَتَوَضَّأَ فَلْيَسْتَنْثِرْ ثَلَاثًا؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَبِيْتُ عَلَى خَيْشُوْمِهِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَرَوَى مُسْلِمُ نَحْوَهُ.
Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When one of you wakes up from sleep and performs ablution, let him blow water out of his nose three times, for the devil spends the night in the upper part of his nose." [Narrated by Al-Bukhari, and Muslim narrated a similar version]
وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، قَالَ: جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيُّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْوُضُوْءِ، فَأَرَاهُ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَكَذَا الْوُضُوءُ، فَمَنْ زَادَ عَلَى هَذَا فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ وَتَعَدَّى وَظَلَمَ». رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَهِ، وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ مَعْنَاهُ.
Narrated Amr ibn Shu’aib, from his father, from his grandfather: An Arab Bedouin came to the Prophet ﷺ asking about ablution. The Prophet ﷺ demonstrated ablution, washing each part three times, and then said: "This is how ablution is performed. Whoever goes beyond this has done wrong, transgressed, and oppressed." [Narrated by Al-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah and also Abu Dawood narrated a similar meaning]
وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّهُ تَوَضَّأَ بِالْمَقَاعِدِ، فَقَالَ: أَلَا أُرِيْكُمْ وُضُوْءَ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، وَرَوَى الطَّحَاوِيُّ نَحْوَهُ.
قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ : اعْتَمَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي تَكْرَارِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيْثِ، وَرِوَايَةُ أَبِي أَنَسٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ مُطْلَقَةٌ، وَالرِّوَايَاتُ الثَّابِتَةُ عَنْهُ الْمُفَسَّرَةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ التَّكْرَارَ وَقَعَ فِيْمَا عَدَا الرَّأْسِ مِنَ الْأَعْضَاءِ، وَإِنَّهُ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً ۱.
Narrated Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him): He performed ablution near the seating place and said: "Shall I not show you the ablution of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" He then performed ablution, washing each part three times. [Narrated by Muslim, and Al-Tahawi narrated a similar version]
Al-Bayhaqi said: "Al-Shafi'i relied on this hadith for the repetition of wiping. The narration of Abu Anas from Uthman is general, but the authentic and clarified narrations from him indicate that the repetition occurred in the other parts of the body, and that he wiped his head only once." 1
Notes / الحواشي
1 The phrase "once" – The author of Al-Hidaya said: "Al-Shafi'i said: The Sunnah is to wash three times with different waters, considering what is being washed. He then said: What is narrated about washing three times is understood to apply with one water, and this is permissible as it was narrated from Abu Hanifa."
۱ قوله مرة واحدة قال صاحب الهداية»: قال الشافعي: السنة هو التثليث بمياه مختلفة؛ اعتبارًا بالمغسول، ثم قال: والذي يروى من التثليث محمول عليه بماء واحد، وهو مشروع على ما روي عن أبي حنيفة.
وَعَنِ الرُّبَيَّعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ الله أَنَّهَا رَأَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ، قَالَتْ: مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ وَمَسَحَ مَا أَقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَمَا أَدْبَرَ وَصُدْغَيْهِ وَأُذُنَيْهِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَقَالَ: قَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ مَرَّةً، وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ: فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ فَأَقْبَلَ بِهِمَا وَأَدْبَرَ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ.
It is narrated from Rabi’ah bint Mu'awwidh ibn Afra (may Allah be pleased with her) that she saw the Prophet ﷺ performing ablution. She said: "He wiped his head, wiping what was in the front and what was at the back, and his temples and his ears, once." [Narrated by Tirmidhi, who said: "It has also been narrated through other chains from the Prophet ﷺ that he wiped his head once]
The practice of most scholars from among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ and those after them is based on this." In a narration from Bukhari, it is reported: "He wiped his head, moving his hands forward and backward once, then washed his feet up to the ankles."
وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ ، قَالَ : رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ مَرَّةً. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهِ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
It is narrated from Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performing ablution, and he wiped his head once." [Narrated by Ibn Majah and Ibn Abi Shaybah]
وَعَنْ عَلَى (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا إِلَّا الْمَسْحَ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
It is narrated from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: "The Prophet ﷺ used to perform ablution by washing three times each, except for wiping (the head), which he did once." [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ بِيَدَيْهِ، فَأَقْبَلَ بِهِمَا وَأَدْبَرَ، بَدَأَ بِمُقَدَّمِ رَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ بِهِمَا إِلَى قَفَاهُ، ثُمَّ رَدَّهُمَا حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي بَدَأَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثُ أَصَحُ شَيْءٍ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ وَأَحْسَنُ، وَرَوَى البُخَارِيُّ مِثْلَهُ.
It is narrated from Abdullah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wiped his head with his two hands, moving them forward and backward. He started from the front of his head, then moved his hands to the back of his head, and then returned them to the place where he started. After that, he washed his feet. [Narrated by Tirmidhi, who said: "This is the most authentic and best narration on this topic." A similar narration is also narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ وَأُذُنَيْهِ، ظَاهِرِهُمَا وَبَاطِنِهُمَا. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
It is narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet ﷺ wiped his head and his ears, both the outer and inner parts. [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْهُ : أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ وَأُذُنَيْهِ، بِاطِنِهِمَا بِالسَّبَّاحَتِيْنِ وَظَاهِرِهِمَا بِإِبْهَامَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ.
It is also narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet ﷺ wiped his head and his ears, using his index fingers for the inner parts and his thumbs for the outer parts. [Narrated by Nasa’i]
وَعَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: تَوَضَّأَ النَّبِيُّ اللهِ، فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا وَيَدَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا وَمَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ، وَقَالَ: «الْأَذْنَانِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
It is narrated from Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet ﷺ performed ablution, washing his face three times and his hands three times, and wiped his head. He then said: "The ears are part of the head." [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) ذَكَرَ وُضُوءَ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: وَكَانَ يَمْسَحُ الْمَاقَيْنِ، وَقَالَ: الْأَذْنَانِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَذَكَرَا قَالَ حَمَّادٌ: لَا أَدْرِي الْأُذْنَانِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ» مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ أَمْ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ عَلَى الْقَارِي: وَأَنْتَ خَبِيرٌ بِأَنَّ مِثْلَ هَذَا لَا يُقَالُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الرَّأْيِ، فَمَوْقُوْفُهُ فِي حُكْمِ الْمَرْفُوْعِ أَيْضًا.
It is also narrated from Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) who described the ablution of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: "He used to wipe the corners of his eyes and said: 'The ears are part of the head.'" [Narrated by Ibn Majah, Abu Dawood, and Tirmidhi]
They mentioned that Hammad said: "I do not know whether the statement 'The ears are part of the head' is from Abu Umamah or the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." Ali Al-Qari commented: "You are aware that such a statement cannot be made based on mere opinion. Thus, even if it is mawqoof (attributed to the Companion), it holds the status of being marfoo' (attributed to the Prophet ﷺ)."
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما): أَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، وَمَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ وَأُذُنَيْهِ مَسْحَةً وَاحِدَةً. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
It is narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he saw the Prophet ﷺ performing ablution three times each and wiping his head and his ears in a single action. [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الله قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «الْأَذْنَانِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه. وَرَوَى الدَّارَ قُطْنِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَا مِثْلَهُ.
قَالَ ابْنُ الْقَطَّانِ: إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحُ؛ لاتَّصَالِهِ وَثِقَةِ رُوَاتِهِ. وَقَالَ الزَّيْلَعِيُّ: هَذَا أَمْثَلُ إِسْنَادًا فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ.
It is narrated from Abdullah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The ears are part of the head." [Narrated by Ibn Majah, and a similar narration is narrated by Daraqutni from Ibn Abbas]
Ibn Al-Qattan said: "Its chain of narration is authentic due to its continuity and the reliability of its narrators." Al-Zayla’i said: "This is the strongest chain of narration in this topic."
وَعَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِي (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ فَمَسَحَ أُذُنَيْهِ مَعَ الرَّأْسِ، وَقَالَ: «الْأُذْنَانِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ». رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
It is narrated from Abu Umamah Al-Bahili (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed ablution and wiped his ears along with his head and said: "The ears are part of the head." [Narrated by Al-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ الرُّبَيعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ : أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ عِنْدَهَا فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ عَلَى مَجَارِي الشَّعْرِ، وَمَسَحَ صُدْغَيْهِ وَأُذُنَيْهِ ظَاهِرَهُمَا وَبَاطِنَهُمَا. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
It is narrated from Rabi’ah bint Mu'awwidh ibn Afra (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed ablution at her place. He wiped his head in the direction of the flow of his hair and wiped his temples and his ears, both the outer and inner parts. [Narrated by Al-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ تَوَضَّأَ، فَمَسَحَ أُذُنَيْهِ، ظَاهِرَهُمَا وَبَاطِنَهُمَا مَعَ رَأْسِهِ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْأُذُنَيْنِ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
It is narrated from Humayd that he said: "I saw Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) perform ablution, and he wiped his ears, both the outer and inner parts, along with his head. He said: 'Ibn Mas’ud used to command the wiping of the ears.'" [Narrated by Al-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُوْلُ: الْأَذْنَانِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ فَامْسَحُوْهُمَا. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
It is narrated from Nafi’, from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), that he used to say: "The ears are part of the head, so wipe them." [Narrated by Al-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ الرُّبَيعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ فَأَدْخَلَ إِصْبَعَهُ فِي جُحْرَيْ أُذُنَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَأَحْمَدُ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
It is narrated from Rabi’ah bint Mu'awwidh (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Prophet ﷺ performed ablution and inserted his fingers into the openings of his ears. [Narrated by Abu Dawood, Ahmad, and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ، وَإِنَّهُ مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ بِمَاءٍ غَيْرِ فَضْلِ يَدَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مَعَ زَوَائِدَ. قَالَ عَلِيُّ الْقَارِي: وَفِيْهِ أَنَّهُ عَمِلَ بِأَحَدِ الْجَائِزَيْنِ عِنْدَنَا.
It is narrated from Abdullah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) that he saw the Prophet ﷺ perform ablution, and he wiped his head with water that was not the leftover water from his hands. [Narrated by Tirmidhi, and a similar narration with additional details is Narrated by Muslim]
Ali Al-Qari said: "This shows that he acted upon one of the two permissible methods according to us."
وَعَنْهُ : أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ، وَأَنَّهُ مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ بِمَاءٍ غَبَرَ۱ مِنْ فَضْلِ يَدَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
It is also narrated from Abdullah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet ﷺ performed ablution and wiped his head with slightly remaining water 1 from his hands. [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The word "غَبَرَ" means "remained" or "leftover." (Reference: Mirqat)
۱ قوله: غبر: أي بقي. مرقاة
وَعَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ اللهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَمْسَحُ رَأْسَهُ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْقَذَالَ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Talha ibn Musarrif narrated from his father, from his grandfather, who said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wipe his head once until he reached the nape of his neck." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، قَالَ : رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَسَحَ مُقَدَّمَ رَأْسِهِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْقَذَالَ مِنْ مُقَدَّمِ عُنُقِهِ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
Talha ibn Musarrif narrated from his father, from his grandfather, who said: "I saw the Prophet ﷺ wipe the front of his head until he reached the nape of his neck at the back of his neck." [Narrated by Al-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ فَمَسَحَ لِحِيَتَهُ وَقَفَاهُ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ السَّكَنِ.
Amr ibn Ka'b narrated from his father, from his grandfather, who said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ perform ablution and wipe his beard and the back of his neck." [Narrated by Ibn Al-Sakan]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَسْحُ الرَّقَبَةِ أَمَانُ مِنَ الْغُلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». رَوَاهُ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ فِي الْفِرْدَوْسِ».
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Wiping the neck is protection from shackles on the Day of Resurrection." [Narrated by Al-Daylami in Al-Firdaws]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ وَمَسَحَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى عُنُقِهِ أَمِنَ مِنَ الْغُلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ.
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever performs ablution and wipes his hands over his neck will be safe from shackles on the Day of Resurrection." [Narrated by Abu Nu'aym]
وَعَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ مَسَحَ قَفَاهُ مَعَ رَأْسِهِ وُقِيَ الْغُلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ مَوْقُوْفًا. قَالَ الْعَيْنِيُّ: هَذَا مَوْقُوْفٌ فِي حُكْمِ الْمَرْفُوْعِ؛ لِكَوْنِهِ مِمَّا لَا تَجَالَ لِلرَّأْيِ فِيهِ.
Musa ibn Talha said: "Whoever wipes the back of his neck along with his head will be protected from shackles on the Day of Resurrection." [Narrated by Abu Ubaid as a mawqoof narration]
Al-Ayni stated: "This mawqoof narration is considered marfoo' (prophetic) because it pertains to matters that cannot be determined by mere opinion."
وَعَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّف، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ اللهُ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ الْمَضْمَضَةِ وَالاسْتِنْشَاقِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Talha ibn Musarrif narrated from his father, from his grandfather, who said: "I saw the Prophet ﷺ separate between rinsing the mouth and sniffing water into the nose." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ: شَهِدْتُ عَلِيًّا وَعُثْمَانَ تَوَضَّا ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، وَأَفْرَدَا الْمَضْمَضَةَ وَالِاسْتِنْشَاقِ، ثُمَّ قَالَا : هَكَذَا رَأَيْنَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ السَّكَنِ فِي صَحِيحِهِ.
Abu Wa'il said: "I witnessed Ali and Uthman perform ablution, washing each part three times, and they separated rinsing the mouth from sniffing water into the nose. Then they said: 'This is how we saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ perform ablution.'" [Narrated by Ibn Al-Sakan in his Sahih]
وَعَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ عُثْمَانَ تَوَضَّأَ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، وَأَفْرَدَ الْمَضْمَضَةَ مِنَ الاسْتِنْشَاقِ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ : هَكَذَا تَوَضَّأَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَوَاهُ الْبَغَوِيُّ.
Sufyan ibn Salamah said: "I witnessed Uthman perform ablution, washing each part three times, and he separated rinsing the mouth from sniffing water into the nose, doing each three times. Then he said: 'This is how the Prophet ﷺ performed ablution.'" [Narrated by Al-Baghawi]
وَعَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْيَامِيِّ : أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ، فَمَضْمَضَ ثَلَاثًا وَاسْتَنْشَقَ ثَلَاثًا، يَأْخُذُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مَاءً جَدِيدًا. رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ.
Ka'b ibn Amr Al-Yami narrated: "The Prophet ﷺ performed ablution, rinsed his mouth three times, and sniffed water into his nose three times, using fresh water for each action." [Narrated by Al-Tabarani]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ : أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً مَرَّةً. رَوَاهُ إِمَامُنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ.
Ibn Buraidah narrated from his father that the Prophet ﷺ performed ablution, washing each part once. [Narrated by our Imam, Abu Hanifa]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الله قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَقَالَ: «هُوَ نُوْرٌ عَلَى نُوْرٍ». رَوَاهُ رَزِينٌ.
Abdullah ibn Zayd said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed ablution, washing each part twice, and said: 'It is light upon light.'" [Narrated by Razeen]
وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا وَقَالَ: «هَذَا وُضُونِي وَوُضُوْءُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلِي وَوُضُوْءُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. رَوَاهُ رَزِينٌ، وَالنَّوَوِيُّ ضَعَّفَهُ فِي شَرْحِ مُسْلِمٍ.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ: وَقَضِيَّةُ كَلَامِ غَيْرِهِ أَنَّ سَنَدَهُ حَسَنٌ.
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed ablution three times for each action and said, 'This is my ablution, the ablution of the Prophets before me, and the ablution of Ibrahim (عليه السلام).'" [Narrated by Razeen]
But Al-Nawawi deemed it weak in his commentary on Sahih Muslim. Ibn Hajar mentioned that, according to the opinion of others, its chain is considered Hasan.
وَعَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ أَبِي صَفِيَّةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ الْبَاقِرُ: حَدَّثَكَ جَابِرٌ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، وَمَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثًا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Thabit ibn Abi Safiyyah said: "I asked Abu Ja'far (Muhammad Al-Baqir): 'Did Jabir narrate to you that the Prophet ﷺ performed ablution once for each part, twice for each part, and three times for each part?' He said: 'Yes.'" [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ وَاحِدَةً فَتِلْكَ وَظِيفَةُ الْوُضُوْءِ الَّتِي لَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا، وَمَنْ تَوَضَّأَ اثْنَيْنِ فَلَهُ كِفْلَانِ، وَمَنْ تَوَضَّأَ ثَلَاثًا فَذَلِكَ وُضُوْنِي وَوُضُوْءُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِي». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِلدَّارَ قُطْنِي وَالْبَيْهَقِيَّ وَابْنِ حِبَّانَ وَابْنِ مَاجَه وَأَحْمَدَ وَالطَّبَرَانِي: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، وَقَالَ: «هَذَا وُضُوْءُ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللهُ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا بِهِ. وَتَوَضَّأَ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَقَالَ: «هَذَا وُضُوْءُ مَنْ يُضَاعَفُ لَهُ الْأَجْرُ مَرَّتَيْنِ». وَتَوَضَّأَ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، وَقَالَ: «هَذَا وُضُوْنِي وَوُضُوْءُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِي».
قَالَ التَّرْمِذِيُّ: وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ عَامَّةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ الْوُضُوءَ يُجْزِئُ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، وَمَرَّتَيْنِ أَفْضَلُ، وَأَفْضَلُهُ ثَلَاثُ، وَلَيْسَ بَعْدَهُ شَيْءٌ.
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever performs ablution once for each part, that is the obligatory minimum of ablution. Whoever performs it twice for each part will have a double reward, and whoever performs it three times for each part, that is my ablution and the ablution of the Prophets before me." [Narrated by Ahmad]
In another narration narrated by Al-Daraqutni, Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Hibban, Ibn Majah, Ahmad, and Al-Tabarani, it is mentioned: "The Prophet ﷺ performed ablution once for each part and said, 'This is the ablution without which Allah does not accept prayer.' Then he performed ablution twice for each part and said, 'This is the ablution of the one who will have a double reward.' Then he performed ablution three times for each part and said, 'This is my ablution and the ablution of the Prophets before me.'"
Al-Tirmidhi stated: "The majority of scholars agree that performing ablution once for each part suffices, performing it twice is better, and performing it three times is the most virtuous. There is nothing beyond three times."
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغَفَّلِ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَهُ يَقُولُ: اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْقَصْرَ الْأَبْيَضَ عَنْ يَمِيْنِ الْجَنَّةِ. قَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، سَلِ اللهَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَتَعَوَّذُ بِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ؛ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ قَوْمٌ يَعْتَدُوْنَ فِي الطُّهُوْرِ وَالدُّعَاءِ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُوْ دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abdullah bin al-Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) said that he heard his son say: "O Allah, I ask You for the white palace on the right side of Paradise." He (Abdullah) said: "O my son, ask Allah for Paradise and seek refuge with Him from the Fire, for I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: 'There will be people in this Ummah who will exceed the limits in purification and supplication.'" [Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawood, and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ (رضي الله عنه) ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ لِلْوُضُوْءِ شَيْطَانًا يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْوَلَهَانُ، فَاتَّقُوْا وَسْوَاسَ الْمَاءِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه. وَقَالَ التَّرْمِذِيُّ: هَذَا حَدِيثُ غَرِيبٌ، وَلَيْسَ إِسْنَادُهُ بِالْقَوِيِّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيْثِ؛ لِأَنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا أَسْنَدَهُ غَيْرُ خَارِجَةَ، وَهُوَ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِنَا.
Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: "There is a devil for wudu (ablution) called 'Al-Walahan.' So beware of the whispers of water." [Narrated by Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah]
Tirmidhi said: This is a strange hadith, and its chain of narration is not strong according to the scholars of hadith, as we do not know anyone who has narrated it other than Kharijah, and he is not considered strong by our scholars
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بنِ الْعَاصِ (رضي الله عنهما): أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ بِسَعْدٍ وَهُوَ يَتَوَضَّأُ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذَا السَّرَفُ يَا سَعْدُ ؟ قَالَ : أَفِي الْوُضُوْءِ سَرَفٌ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ عَلَى نَهْرٍ جَارٍ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with them) said: The Prophet ﷺ passed by Sa'd while he was performing wudu, and said: "What is this extravagance, O Sa'd?" Sa'd replied: "Is there extravagance in wudu?" The Prophet ﷺ said: "Yes, even if you are at a flowing river." [Narrated by Ahmad and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْن عَمْرِو (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: رَجَعْنَا مَعَ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِمَاءٍ بِالطَّرِيقِ تَعَجَّلَ قَوْمٌ عِنْدَ الْعَصْرِ، فَتَوَضَّؤُوْا وَهُمْ عَجَّالٌ، فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ وَأَعْقَابُهُمْ تَلُوْحُ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا الْمَاءُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «وَيْلٌ لِلْأَعْقَابِ مِنَ النَّارِ أَسْبِعُوا الْوُضُوءَ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ.
Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "We were returning with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from Makkah to Madinah, and when we reached a water source along the way, a group of people rushed to perform wudu in haste. When we reached them, their heels were still dry and had not been touched by water. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Woe to the heels from the Fire! Complete your wudu properly.'" [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ لَقِيطِ بْنِ صَبِرَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ، أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْوُضُوءِ. قَالَ: أَسْبِغِ الْوُضُوءَ وَخَلَّلْ بَيْنَ الْأَصَابِعِ، وَبَالِغُ فِي الاسْتِنْشَاقِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُوْنَ صَائِمًا». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَه وَالدَّارِمِيُّ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: بَيْنَ الْأَصَابِعِ».
Lakit bin Sabirah said: I asked, "O Messenger of Allah, tell me about wudu (ablution)." He ﷺ said: "Perform wudu thoroughly, and clean between your fingers, and make an effort in inhaling water through your nose, except when you are fasting." [Narrated by Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi, and Nasai; Ibn Majah and Darimi narrated it with the addition: "between the fingers."]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا تَوَضَّأْتَ فَخَلَّلْ أَصَابِعَ يَدَيْكَ وَرِجْلَيْكَ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَه نَحْوَهُ.
Ibn Abbas said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When you perform wudu, clean between your fingers of your hands and feet." [Narrated by Tirmidhi; Ibn Majah narrated a similar version]
وَعَنِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ يَدْلُكُ أَصَابِعَ رِجْلَيْهِ بِخِنْصَرِهِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُوْ دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Al-Mustawrid bin Shaddad said: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he performed wudu, he would rub the toes of his feet with his pinky finger. [Narrated by Tirmidhi, Abu Dawood, and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) ، قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ أَخَذَ كَفَّا مِنْ مَاءٍ، فَأَدْخَلَهُ تَحْتَ حَنَكِهِ فَخَلَّلَ بِهِ لِحِيَتَهُ ، وَقَالَ: «هَكَذَا أَمَرَنِي رَبِّي». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Anas said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when performing wudu, would take a handful of water and put it under his chin, rubbing his beard with it, and said: "This is how my Lord has commanded me." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُخَلِّلُ لِحْيَتَهُ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالدَّارِمِيُّ.
Uthman said: The Prophet ﷺ would clean his beard during wudu. [Narrated by Tirmidhi and Darimi]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ عَرَكَ عَارِضَيْهِ بَعْضَ الْعَرَكِ، ثُمَّ شَبَّكَ لِحْيَتَهُ بِأَصَابِعِهِ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Ibn Umar said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed wudu, he would rub the sides of his face, then intertwine his fingers beneath his beard. [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَبِي رَافِعِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءَ الصَّلَاةِ حَرَّكَ خَاتَمَهُ فِي أُصْبُعِهِ. رَوَاهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abu Rafi' said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed wudu for prayer, he would move his ring on his finger. [Narrated by Daruqutni and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُحِبُّ التَّيَمُّنَ مَا اسْتَطَاعَ فِي شَأْنِهِ كُلِّهِ: فِي ظُهُورِهِ وَتَرَجُلِهِ وَتَنَعُلِهِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Aisha said: The Prophet ﷺ liked to begin with the right side whenever possible in all his matters: in his appearance, combing his hair, and putting on his shoes. [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا لَبِسْتُمْ وَإِذَا تَوَضَّأْتُمْ فَابْدَؤُوْا بِأَيَا مِنِكُمْ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Abu Huraira said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When you wear clothes or perform wudu, begin with your right side." [Narrated by Ahmad and Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ عَطَاءِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ اللهِ تَوَضَّأَ فَحَسَرَ الْعِمَامَةَ، وَمَسَحَ مُقَدَّمَ رَأْسِهِ، أَوْ قَالَ: نَاصِيَتِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ.
Ata' said: The Prophet ﷺ performed wudu and raised his turban, wiping the front of his head, or he said: his forelock. [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ وَعَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةٌ قِطْرِيَّةٌ فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَيْهِ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعِمَامَةِ، فَمَسَحَ مُقَدَّمَ رَأْسِهِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَرَوَى الْحَاكِمُ عَنْ أَبِي مَعْقِلٍ نَحْوَهُ.
وَقَالَ الشُّمُنِّي: وَمَعْلُوْمٌ أَنَّ النَّاصِيَةَ وَمُقَدَّمَ الرَّأْسِ أَحَدُ جَوَانِبِهَا الْأَرْبَعَةِ، فَلَوْ كَانَ مَسْحُ الرُّبْعِ لَيْسَ بِمُجْزِي لَمْ يَقْتَصِرْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مَسْحُ مَا دُوْنَهُ مُجْزِنًا فَعَلَهُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ وَلَوْ مَرَّةً فِي عُمْرِهِ؛ تَعْلِيمًا لِلْجَوَازِ.
Anas said: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performing wudu while wearing a Qitri turban, and he put his hands under the turban and wiped the front of his head. [Narrated by Abu Dawood, and Al-Hakim narrated a similar version from Abu Ma'qil]
Shumuni said: It is well known that the forelock and the front of the head are one of its four sides. If wiping a quarter of the head were not sufficient, he would not have limited himself to that. And if wiping less than that was sufficient, the Prophet ﷺ would have done it at least once in his lifetime as a lesson for the permissibility.
وَعَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَمْسَحُ بِمُقَدَّمِ رَأْسِهِ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
From Az-Zuhri, from Salim, from his father: He used to wipe the front of his head when performing wudu. [Narrated by At-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْعِمَامَةِ، فَقَالَ: لَا ، حَتَّى يَمَسَّ الشَّعْرَ الْمَاءُ. رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَقَالَ: بِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ الله.
Malik said: It has reached me from Jabir ibn Abdullah that he was asked about the turban, and he said: "No, until the water touches the hair." [Narrated by Muhammad, and he said: "We take this as our view, and it is the opinion of Abu Hanifa."]
وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ تَتَوَضَّأُ وَتَنْزِعُ خِمَارَهَا، ثُمَّ تَمْسَحُ بِرَأْسِهَا، قَالَ نَافِعٍ: وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ صَغِيرُ. رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدٌ ، وَقَالَ: بِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، لَا يَمْسَحُ عَلَى الْحِمَارِ وَلَا الْعِمَامَةِ. بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ الْمَسْحَ عَلَى الْعِمَامَةِ كَانَ، فَتُرِكَ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَالْعَامَّةِ مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا.
Nafi' said: I saw Safiya bint Abi Ubayd performing wudu and removing her headscarf, then wiping her head. Nafi' added: "I was young at that time." [Narrated by Muhammad, and he said: "We take this as our view, that wiping over the headscarf or turban is not allowed. It was reported that wiping over the turban was practiced, but it was abandoned. This is the view of Abu Hanifa and the majority of our scholars."]
وَعَنْ أَبِي حَيَّةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَلِيًّا تَوَضَّأَ فَغَسَلَ كَفَّيْهِ حَتَّى أَنْقَاهُمَا، ثُمَّ مَضْمَضَ ثَلَاثًا وَاسْتَنْشَقَ ثَلَاثًا، وَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا، وَذِرَاعَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَمَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ مَرَّةً، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ قَدَمَيْهِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَأَخَذَ فَضْلَ طَهُوْرِهِ، فَشَرِبَهُ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أُرِيَكُمْ كَيْفَ كَانَ طُهُوْرُ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ . رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Abu Hayyah said: I saw Ali perform wudu, and he washed his hands until they were clean, then rinsed his mouth three times and sniffed water up his nose three times. He washed his face three times, his arms three times, wiped his head once, then washed his feet up to the ankles. Then he stood and drank the remainder of his ablution while standing. He then said: "I wanted to show you how the wudu of the Messenger of Allah was." [Narrated by Tirmidhi and Nasai]
وَعَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيَّ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: دَعَا عَلِيٌّ بِوَضُوْءٍ ، فَقُرِّبَ لَهُ، فَغَسَلَ كَفَّيْهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُمَا فِي وَضُوْئِهِ، ثُمَّ مَضْمَضَ ثَلَاثًا وَاسْتَنْشَقَ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى إِلَى الْمِرْفَقِ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ الْيُسْرَى كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ مَسْحَةً وَاحِدَةً، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُمْنَى إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ الْيُسْرَى كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ قَائِمًا، فَقَالَ لي: نَاوِلْنِي. فَنَاوَلْتُهُ الَّذِي فِيْهِ فَضْلُ وَضُوْئِهِ، فَشَرِبَهُ قَائِمًا، فَعَجِبْتُ.
فَلَمَّا رَأَى عَجَبِي قَالَ: لَا تَعْجَبْ فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ أَبَاكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَصْنَعُ مِثْلَ مَا رَأَيْتَنِي، يَقُوْلُ بَوَضُوْئِهِ هَذَا، وَيَشْرَبُ فَضْلَ وَضُوْئِهِ قَائِمًا. رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ وَالطَّحَاوِيُّ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَصَحَّحَهُ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
وَفِي مُسْنَدِ إِمَامِنَا أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ : أَنَّهُ تَوَضَّأَ، فَغَسَلَ كَفَّيْهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَمَضْمَضَ ثَلَاثًا، وَاسْتَنْشَقَ ثَلَاثًا، وَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا، وَذِرَاعَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ، وَغَسَلَ قَدَمَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا وُضُوْءُ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ .
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْ عَلِيَّ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّهُ دَعَا بِمَاءٍ، فَغَسَلَ كَفَّيْهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَتَمَضْمَضَ ثَلَاثًا، وَاسْتَنْشَقَ ثَلَاثًا، وَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا ، وَذِرَاعَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ ثَلَاثًا، وَغَسَلَ قَدَمَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذَا وُضُوْءُ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ.
قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوْبَ، يَعْنِي بِهِ مَنْ رَوَى عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ ثَلَاثًا عَلَى أَنَّهُ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى يَافُوْخِهِ، ثُمَّ مَدَّ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى مُؤَخَّرِ رَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ إِلَى مُقَدَّمِ رَأْسِهِ، فَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُبَايِنْ يَدَهُ، وَلَا أَخَذَ الْمَاءَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَهُوَ كَمَنْ جَعَلَ الْمَاءَ فِي كَفِّهِ، ثُمَّ مَدَّهُ إِلَى كُوْعِهِ. أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ أَي عَلِيًّا بَيَّنَ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي رَوَى عَنْهُ - وَهُمُ الْجَارُوْدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَخَارِجَةُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ وَأَسَدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - الْمَسْحَ كَانَ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، وَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ مَعْنَاهُ مَا ذَكَرْنَا.
From Hussain ibn Ali: Ali called for water, and when it was brought to him, he washed his hands three times before putting them into the water for wudu. Then he rinsed his mouth three times, inhaled water through his nose three times, washed his face three times, washed his right arm up to the elbow three times, and did the same for his left arm. He then wiped his head once, washed his right foot up to the ankles three times, and did the same for his left foot. After this, he stood up and said to me: "Hand it to me." I handed him the remaining water from his wudu, and he drank it while standing. I was amazed. When he saw my amazement, he said: "Do not be amazed, for I saw your father, the Prophet ﷺ, do the same thing. He would say, 'With this wudu,' and he would drink the remaining water from his wudu while standing." [Narrated by Nasai, At-Tahawi, Ibn Jarir, and authenticated by Ibn Abi Shaybah]
In the Musnad of our Imam Abu Hanifa: From Ali ibn Abi Talib: He performed wudu, washed his hands three times, rinsed his mouth three times, inhaled water three times, washed his face three times, his arms three times, wiped his head, and washed his feet. He said: "This is the wudu of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ."
And in another narration from Ali: He called for water, washed his hands three times, rinsed his mouth three times, inhaled water three times, washed his face three times, his arms three times, wiped his head three times, and washed his feet three times. Then he said: "This is the wudu of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ."
Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, meaning the one who narrated from Abu Hanifa in this hadith, said that the Prophet ﷺ wiped his head three times, placing his hand on the crown of his head, then extended his hands to the back of his head, and then to the front, making it three times. However, this was only once because he did not separate his hand, nor did he take water three times. It is as if he placed the water in his hand and extended it to his neck. Do you not see that Ali clarified in the narrations from him, by Jarrud ibn Zayd, Kharijah ibn Mus'ab, and Asad ibn Umar, that the wiping was done only once? He made it clear that this is what we have mentioned.
وَعَنْ حُمْرَانَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُثْمَانَ (رضي الله عنه) تَوَضَّأَ فَأَفْرَغَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا فَغَسَلَهُمَا، ثُمَّ مَضْمَضَ ثَلَاثًا، وَاسْتَنْثَرَ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى إِلَى الْمِرْفَقِ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ الْيُسْرَى مِثْل ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ قَدَمَهُ الْيُمْنَى ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ الْيُسْرَى ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ نَحْوِ وُضُوئِي هَذَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ نَحْوَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ مِثْلَ وُضُونِي هَذَا - ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ لَا يُحَدِّثُ فِيهِمَا نَفْسَهُ غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَالدَّارَ قُطْنِي وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ وَابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ.
From Humran: I saw Uthman ibn Affan performing wudu. He poured water on his hands three times, then washed them, rinsed his mouth three times, inhaled water through his nose three times, then washed his face three times. He washed his right hand up to the elbow three times, then the left hand the same, wiped his head, and washed his right foot up to the ankle three times, then the left foot three times. Then he said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ perform wudu in this manner." He added: "Whoever performs wudu like my wudu, then prays two rak'ahs without distracting himself in them, his past sins will be forgiven." [Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawood, Nasai, Ahmad, Darqutni, Ibn Hibban, and Ibn Khuzaymah]
وَعَنْ أَبِي عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ : أَنَّهُ دَعَا يَوْمًا بِوَضُوْءٍ، ثُمَّ دَعَا نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَفْرَغَ بِيَدِهِ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى يَدِهِ الْيُسْرَى، وَغَسَلَهُمَا ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ مَضْمَضَ ثَلَاثًا، وَاسْتَنْشَقَ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ فَأَنْقَاهُمَا ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْوُضُوءِ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُمُونِي تَوَضَّأْتُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ فَأَحْسَنَ الْوُضُوءَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَانَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَيَوْمٍ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ». ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَكَذَلِكَ يَا فُلَانُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَكَذَلِكَ يَا فُلَانُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، حَتَّى اسْتَشَهَدَ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذِي وَافَقْتُمُونِي عَلَى هَذَا. رَوَاهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِي.
From Abu Alqama, from Uthman ibn Affan: One day, Uthman called for water for wudu, then invited some of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He poured water from his right hand over his left hand and washed them three times. He then rinsed his mouth three times, inhaled water through his nose three times, washed his face three times, washed his hands three times up to the elbows, wiped his head, and washed his feet thoroughly. Then he said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ perform wudu like this wudu you saw me perform." He then said: "Whoever performs wudu and does it well, then prays two rak'ahs, his sins will be forgiven, as if he was born anew from his mother." He then asked: "Is this the same, O so-and-so?" The reply was, "Yes." He asked again: "Is this the same, O so-and-so?" The reply was, "Yes," until he had confirmed with several companions of the Messenger of Allah. Then he said: "Praise be to Allah who made you agree with me on this." [Narrated by Darqutni]
وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَتْ عَلَيْنَا رِعَايَةُ الْإِبِلِ، فَجَاءَتْ نَوْبَتِي، فَرَوَّحْتُهَا بِعَشِيَّ فَأَدْرَكْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَائِمًا يُحَدِّثُ النَّاسَ، فَأَدْرَكْتُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: «مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَتَوَضَّأُ فَيُحْسِنُ وُضُوءَهُ، ثُمَّ يَقُوْمُ، فَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ مُقْبِلًا عَلَيْهِمَا بِقَلْبِهِ وَوَجْهِهِ إِلَّا وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
From Uqbah ibn Amir: We were responsible for tending camels, and my turn came. I took them for grazing in the afternoon and caught up with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who was standing addressing the people. I overheard him saying: "No Muslim performs wudu and does it well, then stands to pray two rak'ahs, focusing on them with his heart and face, except that Paradise becomes obligatory for him." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه): أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِبَلَالٍ: «يَا بَلَالُ، حَدَّثْنِي بِأَرْجَى عَمَلٍ عَمِلْتَهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ؛ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ دَفَ نَعْلَيْكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ». قَالَ: مَا عَمِلْتُ عَمَلًا أَرْجَى عِنْدِي مِنْ أَنِّي لَمْ أَتَطَهَّرْ طُهُورًا فِي سَاعَةٍ مِنْ لَيْلٍ أَوْ نَهَارٍ إِلَّا وَصَلَّيْتُ بِذَلِكَ الظُّهُورِ مَا كُتِبَ لِي أَنْ أُصَلِّي رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
From Abu Huraira: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Bilal: "O Bilal, tell me about the most hopeful deed you have done in Islam, for I have heard the sound of your sandals before me in Paradise." Bilal replied: "I have not done any deed more hopeful than the fact that whenever I perform wudu, whether in the night or day, I pray with that wudu the obligatory prayer." [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ قَرَأَ فِي أَثَرِ وُضُوئِهِ: «إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ وَاحِدَةً كَانَ مِنَ الصِّدِّيقِينَ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ كَانَ فِي دِيْوَانِ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَهَا ثَلَاثًا يَحْشُرُهُ اللهُ مَحْشَرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ». رَوَاهُ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ.
قَالَ الْخَلْبِيُّ: وَأَيْضًا رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ آثَارُ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا فِي الفَضَائِلِ. مِنْهَا: أَنَّ مَنْ قَرَأَهَا فِي أَثَرِ الْوُضُوْءِ غَفَرَ اللهُ لَهُ ذُنُوْبَ خَمْسِيْنَ سَنَةٌ.
From Anas ibn Malik: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever recites after performing wudu: 'Indeed, We sent it down on the Night of Decree' once, will be among the Siddiqs. Whoever recites it twice will be among the martyrs. Whoever recites it three times, Allah will gather him in the gathering of the prophets." [Narrated by Daylami]
Al-Khalbi said: "It is also narrated in some reports that whoever recites it after wudu will have their sins forgiven for fifty years."
وَعَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ مَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ بِطَرَفِ ثَوْبِهِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
From Mu'adh ibn Jabal: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when he performed wudu, would wipe his face with the edge of his garment. [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خِرْقَ خِرْقَةٌ۱ يُنَشِّفُ بِهَا أَعْضَاءَهُ بَعْدَ الْوُضُوْءِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيْثُ لَيْسَ بِالْقَائِمِ، وَأَبُوْ مُعَاذٍ الرَّاوِي ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَقَدْ رَخَّصَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ فِي الْمِنْدِيْلِ بَعْدَ الْوُضُوْءِ.
قَالَ عَلِيُّ الْقَارِي: لَا يُتَصَوَّرُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ مِثْلُ عُثْمَانَ وَأَنَسٍ وَالْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيَّ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ شَيْئًا، بَلْ فِعْلُهُمْ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْحَدِيْثِ أَصْلًا، وَالْعَمَلُ بِالْحَدِيْثِ وَلَوْ ضَعِيفًا أَوْلَى مِنَ الْعَمَلِ بِالرَّأْيِ وَلَوْ قَوِيًّا.
From Aisha: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had a piece of cloth with which he would dry his body parts after wudu. 1 [Narrated by Tirmidhi]
Tirmidhi said: "This hadith is not a sound one, and Abu Mu'adh, the narrator, is weak according to the scholars of hadith. However, some scholars, including the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and those who came after them, permitted using a cloth after wudu."
Ali al-Qari said: "It is unimaginable that people like Uthman, Anas, and Hasan ibn Ali would have done this on their own. Their actions indicate that this hadith has a foundation, and acting upon a hadith, even if weak, is preferable to acting upon an opinion, even if strong."
In "Al-Khanyah," it is stated that the Hanafi scholars do not see any harm in using a cloth for wiping after wudu or ghusl, as it was narrated that the Prophet ﷺ did this, and this is the correct position. However, one should avoid overdoing it or being excessive.
In "Sharah al-Kanz" by al-Zayla'i, it is also noted that wiping with a cloth after wudu is permissible, and this was practiced by Uthman, Anas, Hasan ibn Ali, and Masruq. The commentary in "Ma'raj al-Rayah" mentions that while wiping with a cloth is permissible, it should not be done excessively, so that the traces of wudu remain on the body parts. "Al-Muniyah" also explicitly states that it is recommended to wipe with a cloth.
Therefore, while some narrations indicate a rejection, it could have been done for a specific reason or to demonstrate the permissibility of wiping with a cloth.
Notes / الحواشي
1 Regarding the statement: "He had a piece of cloth with which he would dry his body parts after wudu," Ibn Hajar said: "If this is authentic, it should be understood as being done either out of necessity or to show that it is permissible. Maimunah came to him after he performed wudu with a cloth, but he rejected it and began wiping the water off with his hands. For this reason, the Shafi'i scholars say it is recommended for one performing wudu or ghusl to refrain from drying off, following the example of the Prophet ﷺ."
۱ قوله : خرقة ينشف بها إلخ : قال ابن حجر : هذا إن صح فمحمول على أنه لعذر أو لبيان الجواز؛ لأن ميمونة أتته بعد وضوئه بمنديل فرده، وجعل ينفض الماء بيده، ولذا قال أصحابنا الشافعية يسن للمتوضئ والمغتسل ترك التنشيف للاتباع. اهـ وفي الخانية»: لا بأس عند الحنفية للمتوضئ والمغتسل أن يتمسح بالمنديل؛ لما روي عن رسول الله ﷺ أنه فعل ذلك، وهو الصحيح. إلا أنه ينبغي أن لا يبالغ ولا يستقصى. وفي شرح الكنز» للزيلعي : لا بأس بالتمسح بالمنديل بعد الوضوء، روي ذلك عن عثمان وأنس والحسن بن على ومسروق. وقال في معراج الراية»: إلا أنه لا يبالغ فيبقى أثر الوضوء على أعضائه، وصرح باستحباب التمسح صاحب «المنية» هذا. ويمكن أن يكون رده لعذر أو لبيان الجواز. كذا في «المرقاة» وغيره.
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، وَكَانَ أَحَدُنَا يَكْفِيْهِ الْوُضُوْءُ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثُ. رَوَاهُ الدَّارِمِيُّ.
Narrated Anas: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would perform wudu for every prayer, and one of us was enough to perform wudu unless he had broken it. [Narrated by al-Darmi]
وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حِبَّانَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَرَأَيْتَ وُضُوْءَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ طَاهِرًا كَانَ أَوْ غَيْرَ طَاهِرٍ عَمَّنْ أَخَذَهُ؟ فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَتْهُ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْغَسِيْلِ حَدَّثَهَا أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ أُمِرَ بِالْوُضُوءِ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، طَاهِرًا كَانَ أَوْ غَيْرَ طَاهِرٍ.
فَلَمَّا شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرَ بِالسَّوَاكِ عِنْدَ كُلَّ صَلَاةٍ، وَوُضِعَ عَنْهُ الْوُضُوْءُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدَثٍ قَالَ: فَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ يَرَى أَنَّ بِهِ قُوَّةً عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَفَعَلَهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Narrated Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Hibban: I asked Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Umar: "Was Abdullah ibn Umar performing wudu for every prayer, whether he was pure or not, and from whom did he take this practice?" He replied: "Asma' bint Zayd ibn al-Khattab narrated to me that Abdullah ibn Hanzala al-Ghaseel told her that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was commanded to perform wudu for every prayer, whether pure or impure. When this became difficult for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he was commanded to use the siwak at each prayer, and the wudu was lifted from him except for after an event of impurity. Abdullah ibn Umar believed he had the strength to do so, and he continued doing it until he died." [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْ أَبِي غُطَيْفِ الْهُذَلِيّ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَابِ الظُّهْرَ، فَانْصَرَفَ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فِي دَارِهِ، فَانْصَرَفْتُ مَعَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا نُودِيَ بِالْعَصْرِ دَعَا بِوَضُوْءٍ، فَتَوَضَّأَ ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ وَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ، فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَجْلِسِهِ، وَرَجَعْتُ مَعَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا نُوْدِيَ بِالْمَغْرِبِ دَعَا بِوَضُوْءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَيُّ شَيْءٍ هَذَا يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْوُضُوءُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ؟ فَقَالَ: وَقَدْ فَطِنْتَ لِهَذَا مِنِّي، لَيْسَتْ بِسُنَّةٍ، إِنْ كَانَ لَكَافٍ وُضُوئِي لِصَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ صَلَوَاتِي كُلَّهَا مَا لَمْ أُحْدِثُ، وَلَكِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ عَلَى طُهْرٍ كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ عَشْرَ حَسَنَاتٍ، فَفِي ذَلِكَ رَغِبْتُ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ.
Narrated Abu Gutaif al-Hudhali: I prayed with Abdullah ibn Umar the Zuhr prayer, then he went to his sitting place in his house. I followed him, and when the call for Asr prayer was made, he called for wudu, performed it, then went out and prayed Asr. Afterward, he returned to his sitting place, and I followed him. When the call for Maghrib was made, he called for wudu again, and performed it. I asked him: "What is this, O Abu Abdur Rahman, wudu for every prayer?" He replied: "You have noticed this from me; it is not a Sunnah. If my wudu from Fajr is enough, it is sufficient for all my prayers as long as I do not break it. But I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: 'Whoever performs wudu while in a state of purity, Allah will record for him ten good deeds.' And this is what I desired, O son of my brother." [Narrated by al-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُوْضَعُ لَهُ وَضُوْءُهُ وَسِوَاكُهُ، فَإِذَا قَامَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ تَخَلَّى، ثُمَّ اسْتَاكَ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Narrated Aisha: The Prophet ﷺ used to have his wudu and miswak placed for him, and when he would stand up at night, he would go away and then use the miswak. [Narrated by Abu Dawood]