بَابُ آدَابِ الْخَلَاءِThe Etiquette of Using the Toilet
وَقَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّوَجَلَّ فِيْهِ: فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَن يَتَطَهَّرُوا وَاللهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ } (التوبة: ۱۰۸
And the saying of Allah, the Almighty: "In it are men who love to purify themselves, and Allah loves those who purify themselves." (Quran, Surah At-Tawbah, 9:108)
عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ : «إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الْغَائِطَ فَلَا تَسْتَقْبِلُوا الْقِبْلَةَ وَلَا تَسْتَدْبِرُوهَا۱ ، وَلَكِنْ شَرِّقُوا أَوْ غَرِّبُوا». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ صَدْرُ الشَّرِيعَةِ الله: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى عُمُوْمِهِ، يَسْتَوِي الصَّحْرَاءُ وَالْبُنْيَانُ فِي حُرْمَةِ الاسْتِقْبَالِ وَالاسْتِدْبَارِ؛ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيِّ: قَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوْبَ : فَقَدِمْنَا الشَّامَ، فَوَجَدْنَا مَرَاحِيْضَ بُنِيَتْ قِبَلَ الْقِبْلَةِ، فَتَنْحَرِفُ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ عَزَّوَجَلَّ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَالطَّحَاوِيُّ
Abu Ayub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "When you go to relieve yourselves, do not face the Qibla, nor should you turn your back to it, 1 but rather face towards the east or west." [Agreed upon]
Imam Sadr al-Shari'ah (may Allah have mercy on him) explained that this prohibition applies universally, whether in the desert or in buildings, regarding facing or turning one's back towards the Qibla while using the toilet. He also quoted a narration from Ata' ibn Yazid al-Laythi, who mentioned that when Abu Ayub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Levant, they found latrines built facing the Qibla, so they would turn away and seek forgiveness from Allah. [Narrated by Al-Bukhari and At-Tahawi]
As for those who disagree with this opinion, they have provided responses to the narrations that go against it. Imam Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) agreed that the prohibition is based on reasoning, but he said that facing or turning one's back is the same, and since the Prophet (peace be upon him) permitted facing the Qibla in some cases, this implies that turning one's back to it should also be permitted in similar circumstances. Therefore, he suggested reconciling the narrations by restricting the prohibition to open fields and permitting it in enclosed spaces, such as buildings. This is based on his principle of restricting the general to the specific.
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (may Allah have mercy on him) did not extend the ruling to other cases, but rather he allowed turning one's back in some situations based on the actions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), while maintaining the prohibition in other cases.
The general principle in Islamic jurisprudence is that rulings should be based on reasoning, and so the prohibition against facing or turning one's back to the Qibla is justified. Imam Shafi'i reconciled the narrations by restricting the general ruling to open areas, while permitting it in buildings, in line with his method of restricting the general ruling.
Moreover, Abu Ayub al-Ansari's (may Allah be pleased with him) actions align with the Hanafi view, as he sought forgiveness when he found latrines facing the Qibla in the Levant. He would not have done so unless he understood the prohibition to be general. His seeking forgiveness was a silent act of repentance, not something verbally stated, as it occurred at the moment he realized the position he was in. This explanation is found in "Al-Kawkab al-Durri."
Notes / الحواشي
۱ قوله: فلا تستقبلوا القبلة ولا تستدبروها اختلفوا فيما بينهم في كون هذا النهي مطلقا أو مقيدا، فقال الإمام الهمام أبو حنيفة المقدام : إن النهي عام، فلا يجوز الاستقبال والاستدبار مطلقا، لا في البنيان ولا في الفيافي. وهذا مبني على أصل له، وهو أن أحكام الشرع معللة إلا نادرًا؛ حيث لم يعلم لنا علة، وإن كان في نفس الأمر معللا أيضًا، فالنهي عن استقبال القبلة واستدبارها مبني على علة تعم الكنف والفيافي. وأجابوا عن الأحاديث التي وردت على خلاف ذلك بأجوية. والشافعي الله فقد علَّل النهي كما عللنا، غير أنه قال: الاستقبال والاستدبار كلاهما سواء، ولكن النبي ﷺ لما رخص في الاستقبال بفعله لزم الترخص في الاستدبار أيضًا؛ لاستوائهما، فوجب الجمع بين الروايات بحمل النهي على الفيافي، والإجازة على الكنف، فيجوز استقبال القبلة واستدبارها عند قضاء الحاجة في البنيان، فهذا ناشئ على أصله من حمل المطلق على المقيد، ولكنا لما لم نقل به أجرينا المطلق على إطلاقه.
وأما أحمد بن حنبل فلم يتصرف في الحكم بتعديته إلى غيره، بل أخرج الاستدبار عن عموم النهي بفعله ، وأبقى سائر الصور تحت النهي والحاصل أن الأصل في الأحكام لما كان أن يعلل وجب تعليل النهي الوارد في ذلك، فسوينا الاستقبال والاستدبار بين الصحراء والبنيان وفعل الشافعي كذلك، غير أنه حمل المطلق على المقيد، فأخرج الكنف. وكل منا ومنهم يفتقر إلى الجواب عما يخالف مذهبه، ولم يستثن ابن حنبل غير الصورة الواحدة فقط؛ جريا على أصله المذكور من عدم التعليل. وأنت تعلم أن رأي أبي أيوب الراوي يوافق رأي الحنفية؛ حيث استغفر في استقبال مراحيض الشام، ولولا أنه عم النهي عنده لما فعل ذلك. وكان استغفاره لما يقع في أول وهلة من جلوسه من استقبال القبلة. وكان استغفاره هذا بقلبه؛ إذ ليس ذاك بمقام تكلم، أو يكون ثمه بقلبه ، ثم بعد الخروج منه بلسانه. كذا في الكوكب الدري».
وَعَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ : أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ وَهُوَ بِمِصْرَ، يَقُوْلُ: وَاللهِ، مَا أَدْرِي كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ بِهَذِهِ الْكَرَابِيْسِ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا ذَهَبَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الْغَائِطِ أَوِ الْبَوْلِ فَلَا يَسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ وَلَا يَسْتَدْبِرْهَا». رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ وَالطَّحَاوِيُّ.
Rafi' bin Ishaq reported that he heard Abu Ayub al-Ansari, while in Egypt, saying: "By Allah, I do not know how to deal with these latrines, as the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 'When one of you goes to relieve himself, do not face the Qibla nor turn your back to it.'" [Narrated by al-Nasa'i and al-Tahawi]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The phrase "do not face the Qibla nor turn your back to it" has been a point of difference among scholars regarding whether this prohibition is absolute or conditional. Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him) held that the prohibition is general, meaning it is not permissible to face or turn one's back to the Qibla, neither in buildings nor in open fields. This view is based on a principle that the rulings of Sharia are generally based on a reason, except in rare cases where no reason is known, although even in those cases, there is usually an underlying reason. Thus, the prohibition against facing or turning one's back to the Qibla is considered to apply equally in both enclosed spaces and open areas.
وَعَنْ سَلْمَانَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: نُهِينَا أَنْ نَسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةَ لِقَضَاءِ الْحَاجَةِ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، وَرَوَى مُسْلِمُ نَحْوَهُ.
Salman reported: "We were prohibited from facing the Qibla when relieving ourselves." [Narrated by Al-Tahawi, and Muslim narrated something similar]
وَعَنْ أُسَامَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ بِغَائِطِ أَوْ بَوْلِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ.
Usama reported: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prohibited facing the Qibla while relieving oneself." [Narrated by al-Bazzar and Sa'id ibn Mansur]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا أَنَا لَكُمْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْوَالِدِ أُعَلِّمُكُمْ، فَإِذَا أَتَى أَحَدُكُمُ الْغَائِطَ فَلَا يَسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ وَلَا يَسْتَدْبِرْهَا، وَلَا يَسْتَطِبْ بِيَمِينِهِ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُوْ دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَهِ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ وَالطَّحَاوِيُّ.
Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "I am like a father to you, teaching you. When one of you goes to relieve himself, do not face the Qibla nor turn your back to it, and do not cleanse yourself with your right hand." [Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawood, al-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, Ibn Hibban, and al-Tahawi]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: إِنِّي أَظُنُّ أَنَّ صَاحِبَكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ ، حَتَّى أَنَّهُ لَيُعَلِّمُكُمْ كَيْفَ تَأْتُوْنَ الْغَائِطَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَجَلْ، وَإِنْ شَجَرْتَ إِنَّهُ لَيَفْعَلُ، إِنَّهُ لَيَنْهَانَا إِذَا أَتَى أَحَدُنَا الْغَائِطَ أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةَ. رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ وَأَحْمَدُ نَحْوَهُ.
Abdul Rahman bin Yazid reported from a man among the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) who said: A man said to him, "I think your companion teaches you so much, that he even teaches you how to approach relieving yourselves." He replied: "Yes, and even if it is difficult, he does indeed teach us. He forbids us from facing the Qibla when we go to relieve ourselves." [Narrated by al-Tahawi, and something similar was narrated by Muslim and Ahmad]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ وَلَمْ يَسْتَدْبِرْهَا فِي الْغَائِطِ كُتِبَ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ، وَمُحِيَ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَةٌ». رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ» وَسَنَدُهُ حَسَنٌ.
Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever does not face the Qibla nor turn his back to it while relieving himself, a good deed will be written for him, and a bad deed will be erased from him." [Narrated by al-Tabarani in al-Awsat, and its chain of narration is Hasan]
وَعَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُبَالَ فِي قِبْلَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي مَرَاسِيْلِهِ مُرْسَلًا.
Abu Mijlaz reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade urinating in the direction of the mosque's Qibla. [Narrated by Abu Dawood in his Mursal narrations]
وَعَنْ مَكْحُوْلٍ قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُبَالَ بِأَبْوَابِ الْمَسَاجِدِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي مَرَاسِيْلِهِ مُرْسَلًا.
Makhlul reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade urinating near the doors of the mosques. [Narrated by Abu Dawood in his Mursal narrations]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْخَلَاءَ يَقُولُ: «اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْخُبُثِ وَالْخَبَائِثِ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) entered the lavatory, he would say: "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the male and female devils." This is agreed upon [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْحُشُوشَ مُحْتَضَرَةُ، فَإِذَا أَتَى أَحَدُكُمُ الْخَلَاءَ فَلْيَقُلْ أَعُوْذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الْخُبُثِ وَالْخَبَائِثِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ ماجه.
Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "These lavatories are places of the devils. So when one of you goes to relieve himself, let him say: I seek refuge in Allah from the male and female devils." [Narrated by Abu Dawood and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ عَلِيَّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: سَتْرُ مَا بَيْنَ أَعْيُنِ الْجِنَّ وَعَوْرَاتِ بَنِي آدَمَ إِذَا دَخَلَ أَحَدُهُمُ الْخَلَاءَ أَنْ يَقُولَ: بِسْمِ اللهِ . رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثُ غَرِيبٌ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ لَيْسَ بِقَوِيٌّ.
قَالَ عَلِيُّ الْقَارِي: وَمَعَ هَذَا يُعَمَلُ بِهِ فِي فَضَائِلِ الْأَعْمَالِ، سِيِّمَا وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ عَنْهُ ، وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ نَحْوَهُ.
Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The veil between the eyes of the jinn and the private parts of the children of Adam when one of them enters the lavatory is to say: 'In the name of Allah.'" [Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said: "This is a strange hadith, and its chain of narration is not strong]
Ali al-Qari said: "Despite this, it is acted upon in matters of virtuous deeds, especially since [Narrated by Ahmad and al-Nasa'i from him, and al-Tabarani narrated something similar from Anas."
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنَ الْخَلَاءِ قَالَ: «غُفْرَانَكَ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه وَالدَّارِمِيُّ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to say, when leaving the lavatory: "I ask for Your forgiveness." [Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, and al-Darimi]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنَ الْخَلَاءِ قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَذْهَبَ عَنِّي الْأَذَى وَعَافَانِي. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to say, when leaving the lavatory: "Praise be to Allah, who has removed harm from me and granted me relief." [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِقَبْرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُمَا لَيُعَذِّبَانِ، وَمَا يُعَذِّبَانِ فِي كَبِيرٍ. أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا فَكَانَ لَا يَسْتَتِرُ مِنَ الْبَوْلِ» - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ: «لَا يَسْتَنْزِهُ مِنَ الْبَوْلِ» - «وَأَمَّا الْآخَرُ فَكَانَ يَمْشِي بِالنَّمِيمَةِ». ثُمَّ أَخَذَ جَرِيدَةً رَطْبَةٌ فَشَقَّهَا بِنِصْفَيْنِ، ثُمَّ غَرَزَ فِي كُلِّ قَبْرٍ وَاحِدَةً. قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، لِمَ صَنَعْتَ هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ: «لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفَ عَنْهُمَا مَا لَمْ يَيْبَسَا». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) passed by two graves and said: "These two are being punished, but they are not being punished for something major. One of them did not protect himself from urine." In another narration of Muslim: "He did not cleanse himself after urination." "The other one used to walk around spreading gossip." Then he took a fresh branch of a date palm, split it in two, and placed one half on each grave. They said: "O Messenger of Allah, why did you do this?" He said: "Perhaps it will lighten their punishment as long as the branches do not dry out." This is agreed upon [Narrated by both al-Bukhari and Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «اتَّقُوا اللَّاعِنَيْنِ»، قَالُوا: وَمَا اللَّاعِنَانِ يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: «الَّذِي يَتَخَلَّى فِي طَرِيقِ النَّاسِ أَوْ فِي ظِلَّهِمْ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Beware of the two who curse others." They asked: "Who are the two who curse, O Messenger of Allah?" He replied: "Those who relieve themselves in the path of the people or in their shade." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ مُعَاذٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «اتَّقُوا الْمَلَاعِنَ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْبَرَازَ فِي الْمَوَارِدِ، وَقَارِعَةِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَالظَّلَّ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Beware of the three curses: relieving oneself in water sources, on the roadside, and in the shade." [Narrated by Abu Dawood and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا شَرِبَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلَا يَتَنَفَّسُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ، وَإِذَا أَتَى الْخَلَاءَ فَلَا يَمَسَّ ذَكَرَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ، وَلَا يَتَمَسَّحْ بِيَمِينِهِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Qatada (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "When one of you drinks, do not breathe into the vessel, and when you go to relieve yourself, do not touch your private parts with your right hand, and do not wipe with your right hand." This was agreed upon [Narrated by both al-Bukhari and Muslim]
وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا يُمْسِكُنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ ذَكَرَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ وَهُوَ يَبُوْلُ، وَلَا يَتَمَسَّحُ مِنَ الْخَلَاءِ بِيَمِينِهِ، وَلَا يَتَنَفَّسُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
He (Abu Qatada) also reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "None of you should hold his private part with his right hand while urinating, nor should he wipe himself with his right hand, nor should he breathe into the vessel." [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا اسْتَطَابَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلَا يَسْتَطِبْ بِيَمِينِهِ، لِيَسْتَنْجِ بِشِمَالِهِ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "When one of you cleans himself, do not clean yourself with your right hand, rather use your left hand for cleaning." [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَتْ: كَانَتْ يَدُ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ الْيُمْنَى لِطُهُوْرِهِ وَطَعَامِهِ، وَكَانَتْ يَدُهُ الْيُسْرَى لِخَلَائِهِ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَذًى. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "The right hand of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was used for purification and eating, and his left hand was used for relieving himself and for anything that was impure." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: مَنِ اكْتَحَلَ فَلْيُؤْتِرُ، مَنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ، وَمَنْ لَا فَلَا حَرَجَ وَمَنِ اسْتَجْمَرَ فَلْيُؤْتِرُ ، مَنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ، وَمَنْ لَا فَلَا حَرَجٌ. وَمَنْ أَكَلَ فَمَا تَخَلَّلَ فَلْيَلْفِظُ، وَمَا لَاكَ بِلِسَانِهِ فَلْيَبْتَلِعْ، مَنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ، وَمَنْ لَا فَلَا حَرَجَ. وَمَنْ أَتَى الْغَائِطَ فَلْيَسْتَتِرْ، فَإِن لَمْ يَجِدْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَجْمَعَ كَثِيبًا مِنْ رَمَلٍ فَلْيَسْتَدْبِرْهُ؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَلْعَبُ بَمَقَاعِدِ بَنِي آدَمَ، مَنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ، وَمَنْ لَا فَلَا حَرَجٌ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَهِ وَالدَّارِمِيُّ.
Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever uses kohl (eye ointment) should perform odd-numbered acts of purification, and whoever does so has done well. If not, there is no harm. Whoever uses stones for cleaning after relieving himself should perform odd-numbered acts, and whoever does so has done well. If not, there is no harm. Whoever eats and finds something stuck between his teeth should spit it out, and whatever is chewed by his tongue should be swallowed. Whoever does so has done well, and if not, there is no harm. Whoever goes to relieve himself should cover himself. If he cannot find anything but a pile of sand, he should turn his back to it, for the devil plays with the private parts of the children of Adam. Whoever does so has done well, and if not, there is no harm." [Narrated by Abu Dawood, Ibn Majah, and Al-Daraqutni]
وَعَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا اسْتَجْمَرْتَ فَأَوْتِرُ». رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ وَقَالَ: فِيْهِ الرُّخْصَةُ فِي الاسْتِطَابَةِ بِحَجَرٍ وَاحِدٍ.
Salamah bin Qais reported from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) that he said: "When you use stones for cleaning, perform odd-numbered acts." [Narrated by Al-Nasa’i, and he mentioned that this ruling applies to the permissibility of using only one stone for cleaning]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللهِ (رضي الله عنه) يَقُوْلُ: أَتَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْغَائِطَ، وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آتِيَهُ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَحْجَارٍ، فَوَجَدْتُ حَجَرَيْنِ وَالْتَمَسْتُ الثَّالِثَ فَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ، فَأَخَذْتُ رَوْثَةٌ، فَأَتَيْتُ بِهِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ، فَأَخَذَ الْحَجَرَيْنِ وَأَلْقَى الرَّوْثَةَ، وَقَالَ: هَذِهِ رِكْسٌ». رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ، وَقَالَ: فِيْهِ الرُّخْصَةُ فِي الاسْتِطَابَةِ بِحَجَرَيْنِ.
وَرَوَى الطَّحَاوِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْن مَسْعُودٍ (رضي الله عنه) مِثْلَهُ، وَقَالَ: فَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيْثِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَعَدَ لِلْغَائِطِ فِي مَكَانٍ لَيْسَ فِيْهِ أَحْجَارُ؛ لِقَوْلِهِ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ: نَاوِلْنِي ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْجَارٍ»، وَلَوْ كَانَ بِحَضْرَتِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ لَمَا احْتَاجَ إِلَى أَنْ يُنَاوِلَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانِ. فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بِحَجَرَيْنِ وَرَوْثَةٍ فَأَلْقَى الرَّوْثَةَ وَأَخَذَ الْحَجَرَيْنِ، دَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اسْتِعْمَالِهِ الْحَجَرَيْنِ، وَعَلَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَأَى أَنَّ الاِسْتِجْمَارَ بِهِمَا يُجْزِئُ مِمَّا يُجْزِئُ مِنْهُ الِاسْتِجْمَارُ بِالثَّلَاثِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ لَا يُجْزِئُ الاسْتِجْمَارُ بِمَا دُوْنَ الثَّلَاثِ لَمَا اكْتَفَى بِالْحَجَرَيْنِ وَلَأَمَرَ عَبْدَ اللهِ أَنْ يَبْغِيَهِ ثَالِيًّا، فَفِي تَرْكِهِ ذَلِكَ دَلِيْلٌ عَلَى اكْتِفَائِهِ بِالْحَجَرَيْنِ.
Abd al-Rahman bin al-Aswad reported from his father that he heard Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) saying: "The Prophet (peace be upon him) went to relieve himself, and he ordered me to bring him three stones. I found two stones, and when I searched for the third, I couldn't find it. So, I brought a piece of dung. The Prophet (peace be upon him) took the two stones, threw away the dung, and said: 'This is impure.'" [Narrated by Al-Nasa’i, and he mentioned that this ruling allows the use of two stones for cleaning]
Al-Tahawi narrated from Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) a similar report, stating: "This hadith shows that the Prophet (peace be upon him) relieved himself in a place that did not have stones, as he asked Abdullah to bring three stones. If there were stones in his vicinity, he wouldn't have needed to ask for them from elsewhere. When Abdullah brought him two stones and dung, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) threw away the dung and took the two stones, this indicates the permissibility of using two stones for cleaning. If using less than three stones were insufficient, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would have asked Abdullah to find a third stone. Therefore, this hadith suggests that the use of two stones is acceptable for cleaning."
وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَسْتَنْجُوْا بِالرَّوْثِ وَلَا بِالْعِظَامِ؛ فَإِنَّهَا زَادُ إِخْوَانِكُمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ زَادُ إِخْوَانِكُمْ مِنَ الْجِنَّ».
Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Do not use dung or bones for cleaning yourself, for they are the food of your brothers from the jinn." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi and Al-Nasa’i, but Al-Tirmidhi did not mention the phrase "the food of your brothers from the jinn."]
وَعَنْ رُوَيْفِعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ له قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «يَا رُوَيْفِعُ، لَعَلَّ الْحَيَاةَ سَتَطُولُ بِكَ بَعْدِي، فَأَخْبِرِ النَّاسَ أَنَّ مَنْ عَقَدَ لِخِيَتَهُ، أَوْ تَقَلَّدَ وِتْرًا، أَوِ اسْتَنْجَى بِرَجِيعِ دَابَّةٍ أَوْ عَظْمٍ، فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا مِنْهُ بِرِيْ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، وَسَنَدُهُ حَسَنٌ.
Ruweyfi' bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to me: "O Ruweyfi', perhaps life will be prolonged for you after my time, so inform the people that anyone who ties his shoelaces, wears a ring, or uses the excrement of an animal or bones for cleaning, then Muhammad (peace be upon him) is free from him." [Narrated by Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa’i, and its chain of narration is Hasan]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ وَقْدُ الْجِنِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ، إِنْهَ أُمَّتَكَ أَنْ يَسْتَنْجُوا بِعَظْمٍ أَوْ رَوْثَةٍ أَوْ حُمَمَةٍ ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهَ جَعَلَ لَنَا فِيْهَا رِزْقًا. فَنَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that when the jinn came to the Prophet (peace be upon him), they said: "O Messenger of Allah, some of your followers use bones or dung or hot stones for cleaning, for Allah has made these things a source of provision for us." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade them from doing so. [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يُسْتَنْجَى بِبَعْرَةٍ أَوْ عَظْمٍ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَمُسْلِمٌ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) prohibited the use of animal dung or bones for cleaning. [Narrated by Ahmad, Muslim, Abu Dawood, and Al-Nasa’i]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ بَالَ، ثُمَّ۱ مَسَحَ ذَكَرَهُ بِالتُّرَابِ، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ: هَكَذَا عُلِّمْنَا. رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ۲ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ» وَأَبُوْ نُعَيْمٍ فِي الْحِلْيَةِ».
Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Layla (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "I saw Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) urinate, then he wiped his private part with the soil. He then turned to us and said: 1 'This is how we were taught.'" [Narrated by At-Tabarani 2 in Al-Awsat and Abu Nu'aym in Al-Hilya]
In Nail al-Awtar: From Aisha: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When any of you goes to relieve himself, let him cleanse with three stones, for this will suffice him." [Narrated by Ahmad, al-Nasa'i, Abu Dawood, and al-Daraqutni] He said: "Its chain of transmission is authentic and good." It also says: "This will suffice him," meaning it is enough, and this is evidence for those who say that using stones alone suffices and that using water is not obligatory. This is the opinion of the Shafi'i and Hanafi schools of thought. It was also said by Ibn Zubayr, Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas, Ibn al-Musayyib, and Ataa.
Since it has been established that using stones alone for purification at times of relieving oneself is sufficient, and since the private part after urination also requires purification based on legal proofs, like the saying: "Keep yourselves clean from urine," and there is no mention of washing with water, it is concluded that purifying with stones is also permissible in the case of urination, as stated in the commentary of Ihya' al-Sunan.
Notes / الحواشي
1 Then he wiped his private part with the dust, and then turned to us and said: "This is how we were taught."
2 [Narrated by al-Tabarani, and in it is Ruh bin Junah, who is disputed among scholars. Some have authenticated him, as mentioned in Tahdhib al-Tahdhib and Mizan al-I'tidal, and thus the narration remains unaffected by criticism.
۱ قوله: ثم مسح ذكره بالتراب إلخ: وفي نيل الأوطار: عن عائشة: أن رسول الله ﷺ قال: إذا ذهب أحدكم إلى الغائط فليستطب بثلاثة أحجار؛ فإنها تجزئ عنه. رواه أحمد والنسائي وأبو داود والدارقطني. وقال: إسناده صحيح حسن. وفيه أيضًا: وقوله : فإنها تجزئ عنه أي تكفيه، وهو دليل لمن قال بكفاية الأحجار وعدم وجوب لاستنجاء بالماء. وإليه ذهبت الشافعية والحنفية. وبه قال ابن الزبير وسعد بن أبي وقاص وابن المسيب وعطاء. اهـ
ولما ثبت كفاية الاستنجاء بالحجر فقط في موضع الغائط في بعض الأوقات، وكان موضع البول أيضًا نجسا تجب طهارته بالدلائل الشرعية، كقوله :: استنزهوا من البول. ولم يغسله بالماء، ثبت أيضًا جواز طهارة موضع البول الأحجار. قاله في تعليق إحياء السنن».
۲ قوله: رواه الطبراني وفيه روح بن جناح، وهو مختلف فيه، ووثقه بعضهم، كما في «تهذيب التهذيب» و«ميزان لاعتدال»، فسلم الأثر من الجرح.
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَابِ يَبُوْلُ، ثُمَّ يَمْسَحُ ذَكَرَهُ بِحَجَرٍ أَوْ بِغَيْرِهِ، ثُمَّ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ لَمْ يَمَسَّ ذَكَرَهُ الْمَاءُ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ.
And from him (i.e., Umar ibn al-Khattab), it is reported that he used to urinate, then wipe his private part with a stone or something else. When he performed wudu (ablution), he did not let water touch his private part. [Narrated by Abdul-Razzaq]
وَعَنْ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ يَسَارِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ إِذَا بَالَ قَالَ: نَاوِلْنِي شَيْئًا أَسْتَنْجِي بِهِ، فَأُنَاوِلُهُ الْعُوْدَ أَوِ الْحَجَرَ ، أَوْ يَأْتِي حَائِمًا يَمْسَحُ بِهِ، أَوْ يَمَسُّهُ الْأَرْضَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَغْسِلُهُ رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ أَصَحُ مَا فِي الْبَابِ، نَقَلَهُ فِي رَسَائِلِ الْأَرْكَانِ»، وَكَذَا نَقَلَ الشَّيْخُ عَبْدُ الْحَقِّ.
And from Umar's freed slave, Yasir ibn Numeir, it is reported that whenever Umar used to urinate, he would say: "Give me something to clean myself with," and he would be given a stick or a stone, or he would use his hand to wipe, or he would rub it on the ground. He never washed it. Narrated by al-Bayhaqi, who said: "This is the most authentic report on the subject," as cited in Rasa'il al-Arkan, and this was also [Narrated by Shaykh Abdul-Haqq]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدْخُلُ الْخَلَاءَ، فَأَحْمِلُ أَنَا وَغُلَامٌ إِدَاوَةً مِنْ مَاءٍ وَعَنَزَةً يَسْتَنْجِي بِالْمَاءِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
And from Anas, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to enter the toilet, and I (Anas) and a young boy would carry a container of water and a small pitcher, and he would cleanse himself with water. [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا أَتَى الْخَلَاءَ أَتَيْتُهُ بِمَاءٍ فِي تَوْرٍ أَوْ رَكْوَةٍ فَاسْتَنْجَى، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ يَدَهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ بِإِنَاءٍ آخَرَ فَتَوَضَّأَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَرَوَى الدَّارِمِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مَعْنَاهُ.
And from Abu Huraira, it is reported that whenever the Prophet ﷺ entered the toilet, I would bring him water in a container or a pitcher, and he would cleanse himself, then he would wipe his hands on the ground. Afterward, I would bring him another vessel, and he would perform wudu. [Narrated by Abu Dawood, and the meaning of this hadith was also narrated by al-Darimi and al-Nasa'i]
وَعَنْ عَلِىّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: إِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ كَانُوا يَبْعَرُوْنَ بَعْرًا وَأَنْتُمْ تَثْلِطُوْنَ تَلْمًا، فَاتَّبِعُوا الْحِجَارَةَ الْمَاءَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ حَسَنٍ.
And from Ali, it is reported that those who came before you used to clean themselves with dung, while you use stones. Therefore, follow the stones and water. [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaiba and al-Bayhaqi with an authentic chain]
وَعَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ وَجَابِرٍ وَأَنَسٍ ، أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَن يَتَطَهَّرُوا وَاللهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ ﴾ (التوبة: ۱۰۸ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ أَثْنَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الطُّهُوْرِ، فَمَا ظُهُورُكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: نَتَوَضَّأُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَنَغْتَسِلُ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، وَنَسْتَنْجِي بِالْمَاءِ، فَقَالَ: «فَهُوَ ذَاكَ، فَعَلَيْكُمُوْهُ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
And from Abu Ayoub, Jabir, and Anas, it is reported that when this verse was revealed: "In it are men who love to purify themselves, and Allah loves those who purify themselves" (At-Tawbah: 108), the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O group of Ansar, indeed Allah has praised you for your cleanliness, so what is your practice?" They replied: "We perform wudu (ablution) for prayer, we take a bath for janabah (impurity), and we cleanse ourselves with water." He ﷺ said: "That is it, so you must do it." [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْخَلَاءَ نَزَعَ خَاتَمَهُ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَذَا حَدِيثُ مُنْكَرُ. قَالَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ: دَلَّ تَصْحِيحُ التَّرْمِذِي لَهُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ ثَبَتَ عِنْدَهُ، فَانْجَبَرَ مَا ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، فَيَكُوْنُ حُجَّةً، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ وَضَعَ بَدْلَ نَزَعَ».
And from Anas, it is reported that whenever the Prophet ﷺ entered the toilet, he would remove his ring. [Narrated by Abu Dawood, al-Nasa'i, and al-Tirmidhi]
Tirmidhi said: "This hadith is a Hasan, Sahih and Gharib." Abu Dawood said: "This hadith is weak." Ibn Hajar said: "The confirmation by al-Tirmidhi indicates its authenticity according to him, which corrects the issue raised by Abu Dawood, and thus it can be considered valid." In Abu Dawood's narration, the verb "remove" was used instead of "take off."
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ الْبَرَازَ انْطَلَقَ حَتَّى لَا يَرَاهُ أَحَدٌ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
And from Jabir, it is reported that whenever the Prophet ﷺ wanted to relieve himself, he would go away until no one could see him. [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَبُوْلَ، فَأَتَى دَمِنًا فِي أَصْلِ جِدَارٍ فَبَالَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَبُوْلَ فَلْيَرْتَدْ لِبَوْلِهِ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
And from Abu Musa, it is reported that one day I was with the Prophet ﷺ, and he wanted to urinate. He approached a dung heap near the base of a wall and urinated. Then he ﷺ said: "When any of you wants to urinate, let him face away from his urine." [Narrated by Abu Dawood]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ الْحَاجَةَ لَمْ يَرْفَعْ ثَوْبَهُ حَتَّى يَدْنُوَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالدَّارِمِيُّ.
And from Anas, it is reported that whenever the Prophet ﷺ needed to relieve himself, he would not lift his garment until he was close to the ground. [Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawood, and al-Darimi]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَبُوْلَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي مُسْتَحَمِّهِ، ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُ فِيْهِ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأُ فِيْهِ؛ فَإِنَّ عَامَّةَ الْوَسْوَاسِ مِنْهُ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَذْكُرَا ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُ فِيْهِ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأُ فِيْهِ».
And from Abdullah ibn Mughaffal, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "None of you should urinate in his bathing place, and then take a bath or perform ablution in it, for most of the whispers (waswasa) come from that." [Narrated by Abu Dawood, al-Tirmidhi, and al-Nasa'i, except that they did not mention the part about "then take a bath or perform ablution in it"]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَرْجِسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَبُوْلَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي جُحْرٍ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
And from Abdullah ibn Sarsis, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "None of you should urinate in a hole." [Narrated by Abu Dawood and al-Nasa'i]
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَخْرُجُ الرَّجُلَانِ يَضْرِبَانِ الْغَائِطَ كَاشِفِيْنَ عَنْ عَوْرِتِهِمَا ، يَتَحَدَّثَانِ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهَ يَمْقُتُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
And from Abu Sa'id, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Two men should not relieve themselves in such a way that they expose their private parts while talking to each other, for indeed, Allah despises that." [Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawood, and Ibn Majah]
وَعَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا بَالَ تَوَضَّأَ وَنَضَحَ۱ فَرْجَهُ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
And from al-Hakam ibn Sufyan, it is reported that whenever the Prophet ﷺ urinated, he would perform ablution and wash private part with water. 1 [Narrated by Abu Dawood and al-Nasa'i]
Notes / الحواشي
1 The phrase "and wash private part" is referred to in some Sufi texts as "this means pouring water on the front part of trousers," and they recommended it. The reason for this practice is to dispel doubts. However, I have not found this term in jurisprudential texts. As for those who assume a drop has exited and believe it invalidates their prayer, their prayer is considered invalid. This is mentioned in "Al-‘Urf al-Shadhi."
۱ قوله: ونضح فرجه في بعض كتب أرباب التصوف: تسمية هذه المسألة ببل السراويل، وقالوا باستحبابه. وسره دفع الشبهات، ولم أجد هذه التسمية في كتب الفقه. وأما من ظن خروج القطرة فصلاته باطلة. كذا في «العرف الشذي».
وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارَثَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ : أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَاهُ فِي أَوَّلِ مَا أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ، فَعَلَّمَهُ الْوُضُوءَ وَالصَّلَاةَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْوُضُوْءِ أَخَذَ غُرْفَةً مِنَ الْمَاءِ، فَنَضَحَ بِهَا فَرْجَهُ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالدَّارَ قُطْنِيُّ.
Narrated by Zayd ibn Haritha, from the Prophet ﷺ: When Jibril came to him at the beginning of the revelation, he taught him how to perform wudu and pray. When he finished performing wudu, he took a handful of water and sprinkled it on his private part. [Narrated by Ahmad and al-Daraqutni]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: جَاءَنِي جِبْرِيلُ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدٍ، إِذَا تَوَضَّأْتَ فَانْتَضِحْ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثُ غَرِيبٌ، وَسَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدًا - يَعْنِي الْبُخَارِيَّ - يَقُولُ: الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلَى الْهَاشَمِيُّ الرَّاوِي مُنْكَرَ الْحَدِيثِ. قَالَ الطَّيْبِيُّ: مَعَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ لَمْ يَشْتَدَّ ضُعْفُهُ؛ لِتَعَدُّدِ طُرُقِهِ السَّابِقَةِ، فَيَكُونُ حُجَّةٌ فِي فَضَائِلِ الْأَعْمَالِ.
Narrated by Abu Huraira: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Jibril came to me and said, 'O Muhammad, when you perform wudu, sprinkle water.'” [Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said: "This hadith is strange." I heard Muhammad, meaning al-Bukhari, say: "Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Hashimi, the narrator, is considered weak in this narration."]
Al-Taybi said: "Despite that, the weakness is not severe due to the multiple chains of transmission, so it can be used as evidence in matters of virtuous actions."
وَعَنْ أُمَيْمَةَ بِنْتِ رَقِيقَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَدَحٌ مِنْ عَيْدَانِ تَحْتَ سَرِيْرِهِ يَبُوْلُ فِيْهِ بِاللَّيْلِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
Narrated by Umayma bint Raqiqa: The Prophet ﷺ had a vessel made of wood under his bed in which he would urinate at night. [Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Nasa'i]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: مَنْ حَدَّثَكُمْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَبُوْلُ قَائِمًا فَلَا تُصَدِّقُوْهُ، مَا كَانَ يَبُوْلُ إِلَّا قَاعِدًا . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنُ جَيِّدٌ.
وَقَالَ التَّرْمِذِيُّ : حَدِيْثُ عَائِشَةَ أَحْسَنُ شَيْءٍ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ وَأَصَحُ.
Narrated by Aisha: She said: "Whoever tells you that the Prophet ﷺ used to urinate while standing, do not believe him. He only used to urinate while sitting." Narrated by Ahmad, al-Tirmidhi, and al-Nasa'i, and its chain of narration is Jayyid Hasan. Al-Tirmidhi said: "The hadith of Aisha is the best and most authentic in this regard."
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَسَنَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَفِي يَدِهِ الدَّرَقَةُ، فَوَضَعَهَا ثُمَّ جَلَسَ فَبَالَ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: انْظُرُوا إِلَيْهِ يَبُوْلُ كَمَا تَبُولُ الْمَرْأَةُ فَسَمِعَهُ النَّبِيُّ ، فَقَالَ: «وَيْحَكَ! أَمَا عَلِمْتَ مَا أَصَابَ صَاحِبَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ؟ كَانُوا إِذَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْبَوْلُ قَرَضُوهُ بِالْمَقَارِيضِ فَنَهَاهُمْ، فَعُذِّبَ فِي قَبْرِهِ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَه. وَرَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى.
Narrated by Abdul Rahman ibn Hasana: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out to us holding a shield. He placed it down, then sat and urinated toward it. Some of them said, "Look, he is urinating like a woman." The Prophet ﷺ heard this and said, "Woe to you! Don't you know what happened to the people of Bani Israel? When they were afflicted with urine, they would cut it off with scissors, but the Prophet ﷺ prohibited them from doing so, and he was punished in his grave." [Narrated by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah while Al-Nasa'i also narrated it from him, from Abu Musa]
وَعَنْ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: رَآنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَنَا أَبُوْلُ قَائِمًا، فَقَالَ: «يَا عُمَرُ، لَا تَبُلْ قَائِمًا». فَمَا بُلْتُ قَائِمًا بَعْدُ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ مُحْيِي السُّنَّةِ : قَدْ صَحَّ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ * قَالَ: أَتَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سُبَاطَةَ قَوْمٍ، فَبَالَ قَائِمًا. ۱ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ وَرَوَى إِمَامُ الْمَذْهَبِ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَنْهُ الله نَحْوَهُ. قِيلَ: كَانَ ذَلِكَ لِعُذْرٍ.
Narrated by Umar: The Prophet ﷺ saw me urinating while standing, and said, "O Umar, do not urinate while standing." After that, I never urinated standing again. 1 [Narrated by al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah]
The Sheikh Imam Muhyi al-Sunna said: It has been authentically reported from Hudhayfa that the Prophet ﷺ urinated while standing at the refuse of a people. [Agreed upon] ]
Imam Abu Hanifa also narrated a similar incident from him. It is said that this was due to a valid excuse.
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement "urinating standing" – The scholars state that it is disliked to urinate while standing unless there is a valid excuse. This dislike is considered to be of a discouraging nature, not a prohibition. As for the incident of the Prophet ﷺ urinating while standing at the refuse near the houses, Iyaad mentioned that it may have been due to a prolonged sitting session, which made him unable to move away for privacy. Alternatively, it could have been because of an injury to his inner knee (al-ma'baad) or due to pain in his lower back, as Arabs would use such actions for healing. Another reason could be that there was no place for him to sit, or that he did it to show that it was permissible. The full explanation is found in the book al-Diya (a commentary on legal matters), as stated in Radd al-Muhtar (a classical work of Islamic jurisprudence).
۱ قوله: قبال قائما : قال العلماء يكره أن يبول قائما إلا لعذر، وهي كراهة تنزيه لا تحريم. وأما بوله في السباطة التي بقرب الدور فقد ذكر عياض أنه لعله؛ طال عليه مجلس حتى حفزه البول، فلم يمكنه التباعد. اهـ أو لما روي أنه بال قائما؛ الجرح بمأبضه - بهمزة ساكنة بعد الميم وباء موحدة، وهو باطن الركبة - أو لوجع كان بصلبه، والعرب كانت تستشفي به، أو لكونه لم يجد مكانا للقعود، أو فعله بيانا للجواز، وتمامه في الضياء». قاله في رد المحتار».
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: بَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ خَلْفَهُ بِكُوْرٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذَا يَا عُمَرُ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَاءً تَتَوَضَّأُ بِهِ. قَالَ: «مَا أُمِرْتُ، كُلَّمَا بُلْتُ أَنْ أَتَوَضَّاً، وَلَوْ فَعَلْتُ لَكَانَتْ سُنَّةً». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَه.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) urinated, and Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) stood behind him with a container of water. He said: "What is this, O Umar?" Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: "It is water for you to perform ablution." The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "I was not commanded to perform ablution every time I urinate, and if I did, it would become a Sunnah." [Narrated by Abu Dawood and Ibn Majah]