بَابُ الشَّفَقَةِ وَالرَّحْمَةِ عَلَى الْخَلْقِCompassion and Mercy towards Creation
عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ مَنْ لَا يَرْحَمُ النَّاسَ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Jarir ibn Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Allah does not show mercy to one who does not show mercy to people.” [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ : «الرَّاحِمُونَ يَرْحَمُهُمُ الرَّحْمَنُ، ارْحَمُوا مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَرْحَمْكُمْ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The merciful are shown mercy by the Merciful. Show mercy to those on earth, and the One in heaven will show mercy to you.” [Narrated by Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ(رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ : تَرَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي تَرَاحُمِهِمْ وَتَوَادِّهِمْ وَتَعَاطُفِهِمْ كَمَثَلِ الْجَسَدِ الْوَاحِدِ إِذَا اشْتَكَى عُضْوًا تَدَاعَى لَهُ سَائِرُ الْجَسَدِ بِالسَّهَرِ وَالْحُمَّى». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Nu’man ibn Bashir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “You see the believers in their mutual compassion, love, and sympathy like a single body: when one limb complains, the rest of the body responds with sleeplessness and fever.” [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «الْمُسْلِمُونَ كَرَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، إِنِ اشْتَكَى عَيْنُهُ اشْتَكَى كُلُّهُ، وَإِنِ اشْتَكَى رَأْسُهُ اشْتَكَى كُلُّهُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Nu’man ibn Bashir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The Muslims are like one man: if his eye complains, his whole body complains; if his head complains, his whole body complains.” [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ (رضي الله عنه) عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْمُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ كَالْبُنْيَانِ يَشُدُّ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا» ثُمَّ شَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Musa Al-Ash’ari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “A believer to another believer is like a building whose parts strengthen one another,” and he interlaced his fingers. [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَرْحَمْ صَغِيرَنَا وَلَمْ يُوَفِّرْ كَبِيرَنَا وَيَأْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَيَنْهَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “He is not one of us who does not show mercy to our young, respect our elders, enjoin good, and forbid evil.” [Narrated by At-Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيُّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: أَتُقَبِّلُونَ الصَّبْيَانَ فَمَا نُقَبِّلُهُمْ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: أَوَ أَمْلِكُ لَكَ أَنْ نَزَعَ اللَّهُ مِنْ قَلْبِكَ الرَّحْمَةَ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated: A Bedouin came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said, “Do you kiss children? We do not kiss them.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Can I help it if Allah has removed mercy from your heart?” [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ الصَّادِقَ الْمَصْدُوقَ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: «لَا تُنْزَعُ الرَّحْمَةُ إِلَّا مِنْ شَقِيٌّ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: I heard Abu Al-Qasim, the truthful and trusted (ﷺ), say: “Mercy is not removed except from a wretched one.” [Narrated by Ahmad and At-Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ(رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَا أَكْرَمَ شَابٌ شَيْخًا مِنْ أَجْلِ سِنْهِ إِلَّا قَيَّضَ ۱ اللَّهُ لَهُ عِنْدَ سِنَّهِ مَنْ يُكْرِمُهُ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “No youth honors an elder due to his age but Allah appoints 1 for him at his age someone who honors him.” [Narrated by At-Tirmidhi]
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “Allah appoints for him at his age someone who honors him”: This indicates the youth who respects the elder will have a long life. [As stated in Al-Mirqat]
۱ قوله : قيض الله له عند سنه من يكرمه وفيه إشارة إلى طول عمر الشاب المعظم للشيخ المكرم. كذا في «المرقاة».
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ مِنْ إِجْلَالِ اللَّهِ إِكْرَامَ ذِي الشَّيْبَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ، وَحَامِلِ الْقُرْآنِ غَيْرِ الْغَالِي فِيهِ وَالْجَافِي عَنْهُ، وَإِكْرَامَ ذِي السُّلْطَانِ الْمُقْسِطِ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Part of glorifying Allah is honoring the grey-haired Muslim, the bearer of the Qur’an who neither exaggerates in it nor turns away from it, and honoring the just ruler.” [Narrated by Abu Dawud and Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ ثَلَاثَةُ: ذُو سُلْطَانٍ مُقْسِطٌ مُتَصَدِّقُ مُوَفَّقٌ ، وَرَجُلٌ ۱ رَحِيمٌ رَقِيقُ الْقَلْبِ لِكُلِّ ذِي قُرْبَى وَمُسْلِمٍ، وَعَفِيفٌ مُتَعَفِّفٌ ذُو عِيَالٍ وَأَهْلُ النَّارِ خَمْسَةُ: الضَّعِيفُ الَّذِي لَا زَبْرَ لَهُ ۲ الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِيكُمْ تَبَعًا لَا يَبْتَغُونَ أَهْلًا وَلَا مَالًا، وَالْخَائِنُ الَّذِي لَا يَخْفَى لَهُ طَمَعُ، وَإِنْ دَقَّ إِلَّا خَانَهُ، وَرَجُلٌ لَا يُصْبِحُ وَلَا يُمْسِي إِلَّا وَهُوَ يُخَادِعُكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ، وَذَكَرَ الْبُخْلَ أَوْ الْكَذِبَ، وَالشَّنْظِيرُ الْفَرَّاشُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Iyadh ibn Himar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The people of Paradise are three: a just, charitable, successful ruler; a merciful man soft-hearted towards every relative and Muslim; and a chaste, self-restraining person with dependents. The people of the Fire are five: the weak one without restraint 1, those who follow you seeking neither family nor wealth; the treacherous who does not conceal greed, even if small, but betrays; a man who does not wake or sleep without deceiving you about your family and wealth; and he mentioned miserliness or lying; and the foul-mouthed obscene one.” [Narrated by Muslim]
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “a merciful man”: meaning towards young and old. Al-Tayyibi said: If you examine people’s conditions in their variety, you find no one deserving Paradise but falling under these categories. [As stated in Al-Mirqat]
2 His statement: “without restraint”: At-Tawrabushti said: meaning no self-control when desires come, not refraining from indecency or forbidden things. [As stated in Al-Mirqat]
۱ قوله: ورجل رحيم أي على الصغير والكبير، قال الطيبي: وإذا استقريت أحوال العباد على اختلافها لم تجد أحدا يستأهل أن يدخل الجنة، ويحق له أن يكون من أهلها، إلا وهو مندرج تحت هذه الأقسام، غير خارج عنها. كذا في «المرقاة».
۲ قوله : لا زبر له قال التوربشتي : أي لا تماسك له والمعنى لا تماسك له عند مجيء الشهوات، فلا يرتدع عن فاحشة، ولا يتورع عن حرام. كذا في «المرقاة».
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) قَالَتْ: جَاءَتْنِي امْرَأَةُ مَعَهَا ابْنَتَانِ لَهَا تَسْأَلُنِي فَلَمْ تَجِدْ عِنْدِي غَيْرَ تَمْرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَأَعْطَيْتُهَا إِيَّاهَا فَقَسَمَتْهَا بَيْنَ ابْنَتَيْهَا وَلَمْ تَأْكُلْ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ قَامَتْ فَخَرَجَتْ، فَدَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ يَلِي مِنْ هَذِهِ الْبَنَاتِ بِشَيْءٍ فَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِنَّ كُنَّ لَهُ سِتْرًا مِنَ النَّارِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated: A woman came to me with her two daughters asking, but found nothing with me except one date. I gave it to her, and she divided it between her daughters without eating any. Then she stood and left. The Prophet (ﷺ) entered, and I told him. He said: “Whoever is responsible for such girls and treats them well, they will be a shield for him from the Fire.” [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنْ سُرَاقَةَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ (رضي الله عنه) ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَلَا أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى أَفْضَلِ الصَّدَقَةِ ابْنَتُكَ مَرْدُودَةً إِلَيْكَ لَيْسَ لَهَا كَاسِبُ غَيْرُكَ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Suraqah ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Shall I not guide you to the best charity? Your daughter returned to you, with no provider but you.” [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُنْثَى فَلَمْ يَئِدْهَا وَلَمْ يُهِنْهَا وَلَمْ يُؤْثِرُ وَلَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا يَعْنِي الذُّكُورَ أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever has a daughter and does not bury her alive, humiliate her, or prefer his son over her, meaning males, Allah will admit him to Paradise.” [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ عَالَ جَارِيَتَيْنِ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَا جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَنَا وَهُوَ كَذَلِكَ وَضَمَّ أَصَابِعَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever supports two girls until they mature will come on the Day of Resurrection like this,” and he joined his fingers. [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «أَنَا وَكَافِلُ الْيَتِيمِ لَهُ وَلِغَيْرِهِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ هَكَذَا وَأَشَارَ بِالسَّبَّابَةِ وَالْوُسْطَى وَفَرَّجَ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئًا». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Sahl ibn Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “I and the sponsor of an orphan, for himself or others, will be in Paradise like this,” and he indicated with his index and middle fingers, separating them slightly. [Narrated by Bukhari]
وَعَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكِ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَا وَامْرَأَةُ سَفْعَاءُ الْخَدَّيْنِ كَهَاتَيْنِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ - وَأَوْمَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ إِلَى الْوُسْطَى وَالسَّبَّابَةِ - امْرَأَةً آمَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا ذَاتُ مَنْصِبٍ وَجَمَالٍ حَبَسَتْ نَفْسَهَا عَلَى يَتَامَاهَا حَتَّى بَانُوا أَوْ مَاتُوا». رَوَاهُ أَبُوْ دَاوُدَ.
Awf ibn Malik Al-Ashja’i (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “I and a woman with darkened cheeks will be like these two on the Day of Resurrection”, and Yazid ibn Zuray’ gestured to his middle and index fingers, “a woman widowed from her husband, of status and beauty, who confined herself for her orphans until they became independent or died.” [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ مَسَحَ رَأْسَ يَتِيمٍ لَمْ يَمْسَحْهُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ كَانَ لَهُ بِكُلِّ شَعْرَةٍ مَرَّتْ عَلَيْهَا يَدُهُ حَسَنَاتٌ، وَمَنْ أَحْسَنَ إِلَى يَتِيمَةٍ أَوْ يَتِيمٍ عِنْدَهُ كُنْتُ أَنَا وَهُوَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ كَهَاتَيْنِ وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever strokes an orphan’s head solely for Allah will have good deeds for every hair his hand passes over. Whoever does good to an orphan girl or boy with him, I and he will be in Paradise like these two,” and he separated his fingers. [Narrated by Ahmad and At-Tirmidhi]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَجُلًا شَكَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَسْوَةَ قَلْبِهِ قَالَ: «امْسَحُ رَأْسَ الْيَتِيمِ وَأَطْعِمِ الْمِسْكِينَ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: A man complained to the Prophet (ﷺ) of hardness of heart. He said: “Stroke an orphan’s head and feed the poor.” [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ آوَى يَتِيمًا إِلَى طَعَامِهِ وَشَرَابِهِ أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ الْجَنَّةَ الْبَيَّةَ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْمَلَ ذَنْبًا لَا يُغْفَرُ، وَمَنْ عَالَ ثَلَاثَ بَنَاتٍ أَوْ مِثْلَهُنَّ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ فَأَدَّبَهُنَّ وَرَحِمَهُنَّ حَتَّى يُغْنِيَهُنَّ اللهُ أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ الْجَنَّةَ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوِ اثْنَيْنِ؟ قَالَ: «أَوِ اثْنَيْنِ حَتَّى لَو قَالُوا: أَوْ وَاحِدَةً؟ لَقَالَ وَاحِدَةً، وَمَنْ أَذْهَبَ اللهُ بِكَرِيمَتَيْهِ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ قِيلَ : يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ وَمَا كَرِيْمَتَاهُ؟ قَالَ: «عَيْنَاهُ». رَوَاهُ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ».
Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever has an orphan sharing his food and drink, Allah will oblige Paradise for him unless he commits an unforgivable sin. Whoever supports three daughters or the like from sisters, educates and shows mercy to them until Allah makes them self-sufficient, Allah will oblige Paradise for him.” A man said: “O Messenger of Allah, or two?” He said: “Or two, even if they said one, he would say one. Whoever loses his two precious ones, Paradise is obliged for him.” It was said: “O Messenger of Allah, what are his two precious ones?” He said: “His eyes.” [Narrated in Sharh As-Sunnah]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : خَيْرُ بَيْتٍ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَيْتُ فِيهِ يَتِيمُ يُحْسَنُ إِلَيْهِ، وَشَرُّ بَيْتٍ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَيْتُ فِيهِ يَتِيمُ يُسَاءُ إِلَيْهِ۱رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The best house among Muslims is one with an orphan treated well, and the worst is one with an orphan treated badly 1.” [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “treated badly”: meaning harmed unjustly; striking for discipline or teaching Qur’an is permissible, included in goodness though appearing as harm. [As stated in Al-Mirqat]
۱قوله: يساء إليه: أي يؤذي بالباطل، فإن ضربه للتأديب وتعليم القرآن جائز فهما داخلان في الإحسان معنى، وإن كان في الصورة إساءة. كذا في «المرقاة».
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : السَّاعِي عَلَى الْأَرْمَلَةِ وَالْمِسْكِينِ كَالسَّاعِي فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ» وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: «كَالْقَائِمِ لَا يَفْتُرُ وَكَالصَّائِمِ لَا يُفْطِرُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “One who strives for the widow and the poor is like one striving in Allah’s path”, and I think he said: “like one standing without tiring, and one fasting without breaking.” [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ : «لَأَنْ يُؤَدِّبَ الرَّجُلُ ۱ وَلَدَهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِصَاعٍ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
Jabir ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “A man educating 1 his child is better than giving a measure in charity.” [Narrated by At-Tirmidhi]
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “A man educating his child…”: Even if weak, it is acted upon in virtues unanimously, and apparently education means teaching religious etiquettes. [As stated in Al-Mirqat]
۱ قوله: لأن يؤدب الرجل ولده إلخ وعلى تقدير ضعفه يعمل به في فضائل الأعمال إجماعا، ولا شك أن المراد بالتأديب هنا تعليم الآداب الشرعية. كذا في «المرقاة».
وَعَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا نَحَلَ وَالِدٌ مِنْ نَحْلٍ وَلَدَهُ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ أَدَبٍ حَسَنٍ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Ayyub ibn Musa from his father from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “No gift a parent gives his child is better than good manners.” [Narrated by At-Tirmidhi and Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْمُسْلِمُ ۱أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ لَا يَظْلِمُهُ ۲وَلَا يُسْلِمُهُ، ۳وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي حَاجَةِ أَخِيهِ كَانَ اللهُ فِي حَاجَتِهِ، وَمَنْ فَرَّجَ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ كُرْبَةً فَرَّجَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كُرْبَةً مِنْ كُرُبَاتِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَمَنْ سَتَرَ مُسْلِمًا سَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim: he does not oppress him 1, does not forsake him 2, does not despise him 3. God-consciousness is here”, pointing to his chest three times. “It is enough evil for a man to despise his Muslim brother. All of a Muslim is forbidden to another Muslim: his blood, wealth, and honor.” [Narrated by Muslim]
Notes / الحواشي
۱ قوله: المسلم أخو المسلم فيه إشعار بأن المسلم والمؤمن واحد؛ لقوله تعالى: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ (الحجرات: ۱۰. قاله في «المرقاة».
۲ قوله : لا يظلمه : فإن الظالم ينحط، أولا عن رتبة النبوة لَا يَنَالُ عَهْدِى الظَّالِمِينَ ﴾ (البقرة: ١٢٤)، وثانيا عن درجة الولاية : لَا يَنَالُ عَهْدِى الظَّالِمِينَ ) (هود: ۱۸ ، وثالثًا عن مزيد السلطنة لبيت الظالم خراب ولو بعد حين، ورابعا عن نظر الخلائق: جُبِلَتِ القلوب على حب من أحسن إليها، وبغض من أساء إليها، وخامسا عن حفظ نفسه ولكن كانوا أنفسهم يظلمون. (شعر)
لا تَظْلِمْنَ إذا ما كنت مقتدرا ........ فالظلم آخره يأتيك بالندم
نَامَت عُيُونُك والمظلوم منتبه ......يدعو عليك وعين الله لم تنم
كذا في «المرقاة».
۳ قوله : ولا يسلمه : بضم أوله وكسر اللام أي لا يخذله، بل ينصره. كذا في «المرقاة».
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «الْمُسْلِمُ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ لَا يَظْلِمُهُ وَلَا يَخْذُلُهُ وَلَا يَحْقِرُهُ، التَّقْوَى هَاهُنَا وَيُشِيرُ إِلَى صَدْرِهِ ثَلَاثَ مِرَارٍ.
»بِحَسْبِ امْرِي مِنَ الشَّرِّ أَنْ يَحْقِرَ أَخَاهُ الْمُسْلِمَ ، كُلُّ الْمُسْلِمِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ حَرَامٌ دَمُهُ وَمَالُهُ وَعِرْضُهُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim: he does not oppress him, forsake him, or despise him. God-consciousness is here”, pointing to his chest three times. “It is enough evil for a man to despise his Muslim brother. All of a Muslim is forbidden to another Muslim: his blood, wealth, and honor.” [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ عَبْدُ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, a servant does not believe until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.” [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ : «إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ۱ مِرْآةُ أَخِيهِ، فَإِنْ رَأَى بِهِ أَذًى فَلْيُمِطْهُ عَنْهُ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُ وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ: «الْمُؤْمِنُ مِرْآةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ، وَالْمُؤْمِنُ أَخُو الْمُؤْمِنِ، يَكُفُ عَنْهُ ضَيْعَتَهُ وَيَحُوطُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ».
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Each of you 1 is a mirror to his brother; if he sees harm on him, let him remove it from him.” [Narrated by At-Tirmidhi]
In a narration by him and Abu Dawud: “A believer is the mirror of a believer, and a believer is the brother of a believer: he protects his loss and guards him from behind.”
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “Each of you is a mirror to his brother…”: Meaning, a mirror shows a person what is hidden of his appearance to correct what needs correction; likewise, a believer to another removes faults by informing and alerting him. Ibn Al-Arabi said: Meaning, make yourself pure towards your brother as a mirror is made. [As stated in Badhl Al-Majhud]
۱ قوله: إن أحدكم مرآة أخيه إلخ : معناه أن المرأة ترى الإنسان ما يخفى عليه من صورته؛ ليصلح ما يحتاج إلى إصلاحه، فكذا المؤمن للمؤمن كالمرآة فيزيل ما فيه من العيوب إعلامه وينبهه عليها، قال ابن العربي: أي ليجعل نفسه صافية في حق أخيه، كما تجعل المرآة كذلك. أخذته من بذل المجهود».
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ : انْصُرْ أَخَاكَ ظَالِمًا أَوْ مَظْلُومًا» فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ! أَنْصُرُهُ مَظْلُومًا أَنْصُرُهُ فَكَيْفَ ظَالِمًا؟ قَالَ: «تَمْنَعُهُ مِنَ الْظُلْمِ فَذَلِكَ نَصْرُكَ إِيَّاهُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Aid your brother, oppressor or oppressed.” A man said: “O Messenger of Allah, I aid him oppressed, but how if oppressor?” He said: “Prevent him from oppression; that is aiding him.” [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنِ اغْتِيْبَ عِنْدَهُ أَخُوهُ الْمُسْلِمُ وَهُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى نَصْرِهِ فَنَصَرَهُ نَصَرَهُ اللهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْصُرْهُ وَهُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى نَصْرِهِ أَدْرَكَهُ اللهُ بِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَغَوِيُّ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ».
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Whoever has his Muslim brother backbitten in his presence and can aid him but does so, Allah aids him in this world and the Hereafter; if he does not aid him while able, Allah seizes him for it in this world and the Hereafter.” [Narrated by Al-Baghawi in Sharh As-Sunnah]
وَعَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ يَزِيدَ(رضي الله عنهما) قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ ذَبَّ عَنْ لَحْمِ أَخِيهِ بِالْمَغِيْبَةِ كَانَ حَقًّا لَهُ عَلَى اللهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Asma bint Yazid (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever defends his brother’s flesh from backbiting, it is Allah’s right to free him from the Fire.” [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَرُدُّ عَنْ عِرْضِ أَخِيهِ إِلَّا كَانَ حَقًّا عَلَى اللهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَنْهُ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»، ثُمَّ تَلَا: {وَكَانَ حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} . رَوَاهُ الْبَغَوِيُّ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ».
Abu Ad-Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: “No Muslim defends his brother’s honor but it is Allah’s right to defend him from Hell’s fire on the Day of Resurrection,” then recited: And incumbent upon Us was support of the believers [Ar-Rum: 47]. [Narrated by Al-Baghawi in Sharh As-Sunnah]
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ(رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَخْذُلُ امْرَأَ مُسْلِمًا فِي مَوْضِعٍ يُنْتَهَكُ فِيهِ حُرْمَتُهُ وَيُنْتَقَصُ فِيهِ مِنْ عِرْضِهِ إِلَّا خَذَلَهُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوْطِنٍ يُحِبُّ فِيهِ نُصْرَتَهُ وَمَا مِنْ امْرِئٍ يَنْصُرُ مُسْلِمًا فِي مَوْضِعٍ يُنْتَقَصُ فِيهِ مِنْ عِرْضِهِ وَيُنْتَهَكُ فِيهِ مِنْ حُرْمَتِهِ إِلَّا نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوْطِنٍ يُحِبُّ نُصْرَتَهُ. رَوَاهُ أَبُوْ دَاوُدَ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “No Muslim forsakes another Muslim where his sanctity is violated and honor diminished but Allah forsakes him where he desires aid. No one aids a Muslim where his honor is diminished and sanctity violated but Allah aids him where he desires aid.” [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ رَأَى عَوْرَةً فَسَتَرَهَا كَانَ كَمَنْ أَحْيَا مَوْءُودَةً. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتَّرْمِذِيُّ، وَصَحَّحَهُ.
Uqbah ibn Amir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever sees a defect and covers it is like one who revives a buried girl.” [Narrated by Ahmad and At-Tirmidhi, who authenticated it]
وَعَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ الله قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ حَمَى مُؤْمِنًا مِنْ مُنَافِقٍ بَعَثَ اللهُ مَلَكًا يَحْمِي لَحْمَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَمَنْ رَقَى مُسْلِمًا بِشَيْءٍ يُرِيدُ شَيْنَهُ بِهِ حَبَسَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى جِسْرِ جَهَنَّمَ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِمَّا قَالَ». رَوَاهُ أَبُوْ دَاوُدَ.
Mu’adh ibn Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever protects a believer from a hypocrite, Allah sends an angel to protect his flesh from Hell’s fire on the Day of Resurrection. Whoever slanders a Muslim with something intending to disgrace him, Allah detains him on Hell’s bridge until he exits what he said.” [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ قَضَى لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي حَاجَةً يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُسِرَّهُ بِهَا فَقَدْ سَرَّنِي، وَمَنْ سَرَّنِي فَقَدْ سَرَّ اللهُ ، وَمَنْ سَرَّ اللَّهَ أَدْخَلَهُ اللهُ الْجَنَّةَ». رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever fulfills a need for one of my Ummah intending to please him pleases me; whoever pleases me pleases Allah; whoever pleases Allah, Allah admits him to Paradise.” [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَغَاثَ مَلْهُوْفًا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ثَلَاثًا وَسَبْعِينَ مَغْفِرَةً ، وَاحِدَةً فِيْهَا صَلَاحُ أَمْرِهِ كُلِّهِ ، وَثِنْتَانِ وَسَبْعُوْنَ لَهُ دَرَجَاتٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever relieves a distressed one, Allah records for him seventy-three forgivings: one rectifying all his affairs, and seventy-two ranks for him on the Day of Resurrection.” [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْهُ وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَا : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «الْخَلْقُ عِبَالُ اللهِ ، وَأَحَبُّ الْعِبَادِ إِلَى اللهِ أَنْفَعُهُمْ لِعِيَالِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Anas and Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Creation is Allah’s dependents; the most beloved servants to Allah are the most beneficial to His dependents.” [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: بَايَعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى إِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ وَالنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Jarir ibn Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: I pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to establish prayer, give Zakat, and advise every Muslim. [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنْ تَمِيمِ الدَّارِي (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الدِّينُ النَّصِيحَةُ»، قُلْنَا: لِمَنْ؟ قَالَ: لِلَّهِ وَلِكِتَابِهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِأَئِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَامَّتِهِمْ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Tamim Ad-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Religion is advice.” We said: “For whom?” He said: “For Allah, His Book, His Messenger, the leaders of Muslims, and their common folk.” [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْمُؤْمِنُ مَأْلَفٌ، وَلَا خَيْرَ فِيْمَنْ لَا يَأْلَفُ وَلَا يُؤْلَفُ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “A believer is approachable, and there is no good in one who is not approachable nor approached.” [Narrated by Ahmad and Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْهُ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَفَ عَلَى نَاسٍ جُلُوسٍ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِخَيْرِكُمْ مِنْ شَرِّكُمْ؟ قَالَ: فَسَكَتُوا ، فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: بَلَى يَا رَسُوْلَ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنَا بِخَيْرِنَا مِنْ شَرِّنَا ؟ فَقَالَ: «خَيْرُكُمْ مَنْ يُرْجَى خَيْرُهُ وَيُؤْمَنُ شَرُّهُ وَشَرُّكُمْ مَنْ لَا يُرْجَى خَيْرُهُ وَلَا يُؤْمَنُ شَرُّهُ. رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ» وَقَالَ التَّرْمِذِيُّ: هَذَا حَدِيْثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood over seated people and said: “Shall I not inform you of the best of you from the worst?” He said it three times. A man said: “Yes, O Messenger of Allah, inform us of our best from our worst.” He said: “Your best is one whose good is hoped for and evil is safe from; your worst is one whose good is not hoped for and evil is not safe from.” [Narrated by At-Tirmidhi and Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman] At-Tirmidhi said: This Hadith is hasan sahih.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خَيْرُ الْأَصْحَابِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرُهُمْ لِصَاحِبِهِ، وَخَيْرُ الْجِيرَانِ عِنْدَ اللهِ خَيْرُهُمْ لِجَارِهِ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ وَالدَّارِمِيُّ. قَالَ مِيْرَكَ: وَإِسْنَادُهُ جَيِّدٌ، رِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ.
Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The best companions with Allah are the best to their companions; the best neighbors with Allah are the best to their neighbors.” [Narrated by At-Tirmidhi and Ad-Darimi] Mirak said: Its chain is good, its men are those of the Sahih.
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ، وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ، وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ قِيلَ: وَمَنْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: «الَّذِي لَا يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “By Allah, he does not believe; by Allah, he does not believe; by Allah, he does not believe.” It was said: “Who, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “One whose neighbor is not safe from his harms.” [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَسَمَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَخْلَاقَكُمْ كَمَا قَسَمَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَرْزَاقَكُمْ، وَإِنَّ اللهَ يُعْطِي الدُّنْيَا مَنْ يُحِبُّ وَمَنْ لَا يُحِبُّ، وَلَا يُعْطِي الدِّينَ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَحَبَّ، فَمَنْ أَعْطَاهُ اللهُ الدِّينَ فَقَدْ أَحَبَّهُ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يُسْلِمُ عَبْدُ حَتَّى يَسْلَمَ قَلْبُهُ وَلِسَانُهُ، وَلَا يُؤْمِنُ حَتَّى يَأْمَنَ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ». رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي الشُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Allah distributed your characters among you as He distributed your provisions. Allah gives the world to whom He loves and does not love, but gives religion only to whom He loves. Whoever He gives religion to has loved him. By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, a servant does not submit until his heart and tongue submit, and does not believe until his neighbor is safe from his harms.” [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ مَنْ لَا يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “One whose neighbor is not safe from his harms does not enter Paradise.” [Narrated by Muslim]
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ(رضي الله عنهم) عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا زَالَ جِبْرِيلُ يُوصِينِي بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيُوَرِّثُهُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Aishah and Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Gabriel kept recommending the neighbor to me until I thought he would make him an heir.” [Agreed Upon]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ لِي أَنْ أَعْلَمَ إِذَا أَحْسَنْتُ وَإِذَا أَسَأْتُ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِذَا سَمِعْتَ جِيرَانَكَ يَقُوْلُوْنَ: قَدْ أَحْسَنْتَ ۱ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتَ، وَإِذَا سَمِعْتَهُمْ يَقُوْلُوْنَ: قَدْ أَسَأْتَ فَقَدْ أَسَأْتَ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَه.
Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: A man said to the Prophet (ﷺ): “O Messenger of Allah, how do I know when I do good or bad?” The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “If you hear your neighbors saying, ‘You have done good 1,’ you have done good; if you hear them saying, ‘You have done bad,’ you have done bad.” [Narrated by Ibn Majah]
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “saying, ‘You have done good…’”: In Al-Mirqat, it is said: This indicates people's tongues are truth's pens.
۱ قوله: يقولون: قد أحسنت. إلخ : قال في «المرقاة»: وفيه إشارة إلى أن ألسنة الخلق أقلام الحق.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي قَرَادٍ (رضي الله عنه) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ يَوْمًا فَجَعَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ يَتَمَسَّحُوْنَ بِوَضُوْئِهِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَا يَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَى هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: حُبُّ اللهِ وَرَسُوْلِهِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَنْ سَرَّهُ ۱ أَنْ يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُوْلَهُ أَوْ يُحِبُّهُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُوْلُهُ فَلْيَصْدُقُ حَدِيثَهُ إِذَا حَدَثَ، وَلْيُؤَدِّ أَمَانَتَهُ إِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ، وَلْيُحْسِنْ جَوَارَ مَنْ جَاوَرَهُ». رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Abdur-Rahman ibn Abi Qarad (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Prophet (ﷺ) performed ablution one day, and his companions began wiping with his ablution water. The Prophet (ﷺ) said to them: “What prompts you to this?” They said: “Love of Allah and His Messenger.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Whoever is pleased 1 to love Allah and His Messenger or for Allah and His Messenger to love him, let him be truthful when speaking, fulfill trusts when entrusted, and be good to his neighbor.” [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “Whoever is pleased to love Allah…”: Al-Tayyibi said: Meaning, your claim of loving Allah and His Messenger is not fulfilled by wiping ablution water alone, but by truthfulness in speech, fulfilling trusts, and goodness to neighbors. [As stated in Al-Mirqat]
۱ قوله: من سره أن يحب الله إلخ : قال الطيبي: يريد أن ادعاءكم محبة الله ومحبة رسوله لا يتم، ولا يستتب بمسحالوضوء فقط، بل بالصدق في المقال وبأداء الأمانة وبالإحسان إلى الجار. كذا في «المرقاة».
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لها قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَيْسَ الْمُؤْمِنُ بِالَّذِي يَشْبَعُ وَجَارُهُ جَائِعٌ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ». رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: “A believer does not eat his fill while his neighbor is hungry beside him.” [Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ فُلَانَةَ تُذْكَرُ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ صَلَاتِهَا وَصِيَامِهَا وَصَدَقَتِهَا غَيْرَ أَنَّهَا تُؤْذِي جِيرَانَهَا بِلِسَانِهَا قَالَ: «هِيَ فِي النَّارِ» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! فَإِنَّ فُلَانَةَ تُذْكَرُ مِنْ قِلَّةِ صِيَامِهَا وَصَدَقَتِهَا وَصَلَاتِهَا، وَإِنَّهَا تَصَدَّقُ بِالْأَثْوَارِ مِنَ الْأُقِطِ وَلَا تُؤْذِي بِلِسَانِهَا جِيرَانَهَا، قَالَ: «هِيَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيْمَانِ».
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: A man said, “O Messenger of Allah, so-and-so is known for much prayer, fasting, and charity, but she harms her neighbors with her tongue.” He said: “She is in the Fire.” He said: “O Messenger of Allah, so-and-so is known for little fasting, charity, and prayer, but she gives charity with pieces of cheese and does not harm her neighbors with her tongue.” He said: “She is in Paradise.” [Narrated by Ahmad and Al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab Al-Iman]
وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَوَّلُ خَصْمَيْنِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ جَارَانِ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ.
Uqbah ibn Amir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The first two disputants on the Day of Resurrection are two neighbors.” [Narrated by Ahmad]
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُوْدٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا كُنْتُمْ ثَلَاثَةٌ فَلَا يَتَنَاجَى ۱ اثْنَانِ دُونَ الْآخَرِ حَتَّى تَخْتَلِطُوا بِالنَّاسِ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنْ يُحْزِنَهُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “When you are three, let not two whisper excluding the third until you mix with people, lest it sadden him 1.” [Agreed Upon]
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “let not two whisper excluding the third…”: An-Nawawi said: Prohibiting two whispering in the presence of a third, or more in the presence of one, is a prohibition of unlawfulness, so it is forbidden for the group to whisper excluding one without permission. This is Ibn Umar, Malik, our companions, and most scholars’ view. It is general for all times, in presence or travel. [As stated in Al-Mirqat] In Al-Musawa, it is said: Most scholars hold this; the prohibition is for etiquette.
۱ قوله: فلا يتناجى اثنان دون الآخر إلخ : قال النووي: هذا النهي عن تناجي اثنين بحضرة ثالث، وكذا ثلاثة وأكثر بحضرة واحد، هو نهي تحريم، فيحرم على الجماعة المناجاة دون واحد منهم إلا بإذنه. وهذا مذهب ابن عمر ومالك وأصحابنا وجماهير العلماء، وهو عام في كل الأزمان حضرًا وسفرا. كذا في المرقاة». وقال في «المسوى» على هذا أهل العلم والنهي نهي تأديب.
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ (رضي الله عنه) عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا أَتَاهُ السَّائِلُ أَوْ صَاحِبُ الْحَاجَةِ قَالَ: اشْفَعُوا ۱ فَلْتُؤْجَرُوا وَلْيَقْضِ اللهُ عَلَى لِسَانِ رَسُولِهِ مَا شَاءَ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Musa Al-Ash’ari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that when a beggar or needy came to the Prophet (ﷺ), he said: “Intercede 1 and be rewarded; let Allah decree through His Messenger’s tongue what He wills.” [Agreed Upon]
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “Intercede and be rewarded”: Scholars agree on prohibiting intercession in hudud after reaching the imam. Before, most permit if the interceded is not harmful or evil. For sins without hudud requiring ta’zir, intercession is permissible whether reaching the imam or not, recommended if the interceded is not harmful or evil. [As stated in Al-Mirqat]
۱ قوله: اشفعوا فلتؤجروا قال النووي: أجمعوا على تحريم الشفاعة في الحدود بعد بلوغها إلى الإمام، وأما قبله فقد أجاز الشفاعة فيه أكثر العلماء إذا لم يكن المشفوع فيه صاحب شر وأذى للناس، وأما المعاصي التي لا حد فيها والواجب التعزير، فيجوز الشفاعة والتشفع فيها، سواء بلغت الإمام أم لا ، ثم الشفاعة فيها مستحبة إذا لم يكن المشفوع فيه مؤذيا وشريرا. كذا في «المرقاة».
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أُنْزِلُوا ۱ النَّاسَ مَنَازِلَهُمْ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Give people their due ranks 1.” [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
Notes / الحواشي
1 His statement: “Give people their due ranks”: The lowly should not be in the noble’s place, nor the noble in the lowly’s. Preserve each one’s rank; do not equalize servant and master, leader and led. Honor each according to merit and honor. This Hadith initiates understanding scholars’ sayings on prophets’ differentiation, humans over angels, caliphs’ superiority, and similar discussions. [As stated in Al-Mirqat]
۱ قوله: أنزلوا الناس منازلهم فالوضيع لا يكون في موضع الشريف في منزل الوضيع، فاحفظوا على كل أحد منزلته، ولا تتسووا بين الخادم والمخدوم، والسائد والمسود، وأكرموا كلا على حسب فضله وشرفه. وهذا الحديث مبدأ فهم أقوال العلماء في تفاضل الأنبياء وتفضيل البشر على الملك، وتفضيل الخلفاء، وأمثال ذلك من المباحث. كذا في «المرقاة».
۱ قوله: الحب في الله ومن الله : قال في «المرقاة»: إن في تعليلية، ومن ابتدائية، والمعنى: حب العبد العبد لأجل رضا الرب الكائن من الله للعبد، والثاني نتيجة الأول.