بَابُ تَغْطِيَةِ الْأَوَانِيْ وَغَيْرِهَاCovering Vessels and Other Things
عَنْ جَابِرٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ صلي الله عليه واله وسلم : (إِذَا كَانَ جُنْحُ اللَّيْلِ أَوْ أَمْسَيْتُمْفَكُفُوا ١ صِبْيَانَكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَنْتَشِرُ حِينَئِذٍ، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ سَاعَةٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَخَلُّوهُمْوَأَغْلِقُوا الْأَبْوَابَ، وَاذْكُرُوا ٢ اسْمَ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَا يَفْتَحُ بَابًا مُغْلَقًا، وَأَوْكُواقِرَبَكُمْ وَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللهِ وَخَمِّرُوا آنِيَتَكُمْ، وَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللهِ وَلَوْ أَنْ تَعْرُضُوا عَلَيْهَاشَيْئًا، وَأَطْفِئُوا مَصَابِيحَكُمْ). مُتَّفَقُّ عَلَيْهِ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ: قَالَ:( خَمَّرُوا الْآنِيَةَ وَأَوْكُوا الْأَسْقِيَةَ وَأَحِيفُوا الْأَبْوَابَ وَاكْفِتُواصِبْيَانَكُمْ عِنْدَ الْعِشَاءِ فَإِنَّ لِلْجِنَّ انْتِشَارًا وَخَطْفَةً وَأَطْفِئُوا الْمَصَابِيحَ عِنْدَ الرُّقَادِ،فَإِنَّ ٣ الْفُوَيْسِقَةَ رُبَّمَا اجْتَرَّتِ الْفَتِيلَةَ فَأَحْرَقَتْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ).
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ: قَالَ:(غَطُوا الْإِنَاءَ وَأَوْكُوا السَّقَاءَ وَأَغْلِقُوا الْأَبْوابَ وَأَطْفِئُواالسَّرَاجَ؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَا يَحُلُّ سِقَاءً، وَلَا يَفْتَحُ بَابًا، وَلَا يَكْشِفُ إِنَاءً، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْأَحَدُكُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْرُضَ عَلَى إِنَائِهِ عُودًا، وَيَذْكُرَ اسْمَ اللهِ فَلْيَفْعَلْ فَإِنَّ الْفُوَيْسِقَةَ تُضْرِمُعَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ بَيْتَهُمْ).
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُ قَالَ: (لَا تُرْسِلُوا فَوَاشِيَكُمْ وَصِبْيَانَكُمْ إِذَا غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ حَتَّى تَذْهَبَفَحْمَةُ الْعِشَاءِ؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ تَنْبَعِثُ إِذَا غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ حَتَّى تَذْهَبَ فَحْمَةُ الْعِشَاءِ).
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُ قَالَ: (غَطُّوا الْإِنَاءَ وَأْوْكُوا السِّقَاءَ فَإِنَّ فِي السَّنَةِ لَيْلَةً يَنْزِلُ فِيهَا وَبَاءً لَايَمُرُّ بِإِنَاءِ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ غِطَاءً أَوْ سِقَاءٍ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَاءٌ إِلَّا نَزَلَ فِيهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَبَاءِ).
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When the darkness of the night sets in or you reach the evening, restrain 1 your children, for the devils spread out at that time. When an hour of the night has passed, release them, close the doors, and mention 2 the name of Allah, for the devil does not open a closed door. Tie your waterskins and mention the name of Allah, cover your vessels and mention the name of Allah, even if you only place something across them, and extinguish your lamps." [Agreed upon]
In a narration by Bukhari, he said: "Cover the vessels, tie the waterskins, lock the doors, and restrain your children at the time of the evening prayer, for the jinn spread out and snatch at that time. Extinguish the lamps when you go to bed, for 3 the small vermin may drag the wick and burn the people of the house."
In a narration by Muslim, he said: "Cover the vessel, tie the waterskin, close the doors, and extinguish the lamp, for the devil does not untie a waterskin, open a door, or uncover a vessel. If one of you can only place a stick across his vessel and mention the name of Allah, let him do so, for the small vermin may set fire to the house of its people."
In another narration by Muslim, he said: "Do not let your animals or children go out when the sun sets until the darkness of the early evening has passed, for the devils are released when the sun sets until the darkness of the early evening has passed."
In another narration by Muslim, he said: "Cover the vessel and tie the waterskin, for there is a night in the year when a plague descends, and it does not pass by a vessel without a cover or a waterskin without a tie except that some of that plague enters it."
Notes / الحواشي
1 The statement: "Restrain your children, etc.": It is said in Al-Musawa: The scholars have acted upon this. It is said in Al-Marqat: Al-Qurtubi said: All the commands in this chapter are for guidance toward what is beneficial, and it is possible they are recommended, especially for those who intend to comply with the command. The closing is specified for the night, and the basis for all this relates to the devil, for it is he who drives the vermin to cause a fire. 2 The statement: "And mention the name of Allah": An-Nawawi said: This contains various types of goodness and comprehensive etiquettes, the essence of which is mentioning the name of Allah, the Exalted, in every movement and stillness to attain safety from worldly and otherworldly harms. As stated in Al-Marqat. 3 The statement: "For the small vermin may drag the wick and burn the people of the house": An-Nawawi said: This is general and includes the lamp and others. As for hanging lanterns, if there is a fear of fire from them, they are included in this, otherwise there is no issue, as the reason is absent. As stated in Al-Marqat.
١ قوله: فكفوا صبيانكم إلخ: قال في (المسوى): وعلى هذا عمل أهل العلم، انتهى. وقال في (المرقاة): قال القرطبي: جميعأوامر هذا الباب من باب الإرشاد إلى المصلحة، ويحتمل أن تكون للندب، لا سيما فيمن ينوي امتثال الأمر، والإغلاق مقيدبالليل، والأصل في جميع ذلك يرجع إلى الشيطان؛ فإنه هو الذي يسوق الفارة إلى الإحراق.
٢ قوله: واذكروا اسم الله: قال النووي: فيه جمل من أنواع الخير والآداب الجامعة جماعها تسمية اللّٰه تعالى في كل حركةوسكون؛ لتحصيل السلامة من الآفات الدنيوية والأخروية. كذا في (المرقاة).
٣ قوله: فإن الفويسقة ربما اجترت الفتيلة فأحرقت أهل البيت: قال النووي: هذا عام يدخل فيه السراج وغيره، وأماالقناديل المعلّقة، فإن خيف بسببها حريق دخلت في ذلك، وإلا فلا بأس؛ لانتفاء العلة. كذا في(المرقاة).
وَعَنْهُ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلي الله عليه واله وسلم يَقُوْلُ:(إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ نُبَاحَ الْكِلَابِ وَنَهِيْقَالْحَمِيرِ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَعَوَّذُوا بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْمِ، فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَرَيْنَ مَا لَا تَرَوْنَ، وَأَقِلُواالخُرُوجَ إِذَا هَدَأَتْ الرِّجْلُ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَبُثُ فِي لَيْلِهِ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ مَا شَاءَ، وَأَجِيفُواالْأَبْوَابَ وَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللهِ عَلَيْهَا؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَا يَفْتَحُ بَابًا أُجِيفَ وَذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللهِعَلَيْهِ، وَغَطُوا الْجِرَارَ وَأَكْفِئُوا الْآنِيَةَ وَأَوْكِنُوا الْقِرَبَ). رَوَاهُ فِي (شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ).
وَرَوَى أَحْمَدُ وَالْبُخَارِيُّ فِي تَارِيْخِهِ وَأَبُوْ دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي صَحِيْحِهِ وَالْحَاكِمُ فِي
مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ عَنْهُ نَحْوَهُ.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) say: "When you hear the barking of dogs or the braying of donkeys at night, seek refuge with Allah from the accursed devil, for they see what you do not see. Reduce going out when the streets are quiet, for Allah, the Mighty and Exalted, releases in His night whatever of His creation He wills. Lock the doors and mention the name of Allah upon them, for the devil does not open a door that is locked and upon which the name of Allah is mentioned. Cover the jars, turn over the vessels, and tie the waterskins." [Narrated in Sharh as-Sunnah]
Ahmad, Bukhari in his Tarikh, Abu Dawud, Ibn Hibban in his Sahih, and Al-Hakim in his Mustadrak narrated a similar report from him.
وَعَنْهُ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: جَاءَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنَ النَّقِيعِ بِإِنَّاءٍ مِنْ لَبَنِ إِلَىالنَّبِيِّ صلي الله عليه واله وسلم فقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلي الله عليه واله وسلم : ( أَلَّا خَمَّرْتَهُ وَلَوْ أَنْ
تَعْرُضَ عَلَيْهِ عُودًا). مُتَّفَقُ عَلَيْهِ
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: Abu Humaid, a man from the Ansar, brought a vessel of milk from Naqi‘ to the Prophet (ﷺ). The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Why did you not cover it, even if only with a stick across it?" [Agreed upon]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رضي الله عنهما عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلي الله عليه واله وسلم قَالَ:(لَا تَتْرُكُوا النَّارَ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ حِينَتَنَامُونَ). مُتَّفَقُ عَلَيْهِ.
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not leave fire in your homes when you sleep." [Agreed upon]
وَعَنْ أَبِيْ مُوْسَى رضي الله عنه قَالَ: احْتَرَقَ بَيْتٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَحُدِّثَبِشَأْنِهِ النَّبِيُّ صلي الله عليه واله وسلم قَالَ: (إِنَّ هَذِهِ النَّارَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ عَدُوٌّ لَكُمْ، فَإِذَا نِمْتُمْ فَأَطْفِئُوهَا عَنْكُمْ). مُتَّفَقُّ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: A house in Madinah burned down with its people inside at night. When the Prophet (ﷺ) was informed about it, he said: "This fire is nothing but an enemy to you, so when you sleep, extinguish it from yourselves." [Agreed upon]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاس رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: جَاءَتْ فَأْرَةٌ تَجُرُّ الْفَتِيلَةَ فَأَلْقَتْهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِالله صلي الله عليه واله وسلم عَلَى الْخُمْرَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ قَاعِدًا عَلَيْهَا، فَأَحْرَقَتْ مِنْهَا مِثْلَ مَوْضِعِ الدَّرْهَمِ، فَقَالَ:(إِذَا نِمْتُمْ فَأَطْفِئُوا سُرُجَكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَدُلُّ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ عَلَى هَذَا فَتُحْرِقَكُمْ). رَوَاهُأَبُوْ دَاوُدَ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated: A rat came dragging a wick and dropped it in front of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the mat he was sitting on, burning a spot the size of a dirham. He said: "When you sleep, extinguish your lamps, for the devil guides the likes of this to do this and burn you." [Narrated by Abu Dawud]